Challenge 03: Sustainably feed the global population
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Ocean Decade
Challenge 03:
Sustainably feed the global population
Generate knowledge, support innovation and develop solutions to optimize the role of the ocean in sustainably nourishing the world’s population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions.
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- Fisheries Administrative Order No. 245: Series of 2012. Regulations and implementing guidelines on group tuna purse seine operations in high seas pocket number 1 as a special management area.(Department of Agriculture, 2012)The Order provides for conservation, management and sustainable producing bigeye, yellowfin, skipjack tuna stocks in the high seas and exclusive economic zones within the framework of International Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean and adapted local resolutions in the Philippines. This Administrative Order covers the registered traditional group seine fishing vessels granted access to the HSP1-SMA which is the area of the high seas bounded by the EEZs of the named Federated States in the Order with exact coordination by Vessel Monitoring System. The Order provides for compliance to the criteria and procedures in the allocation of fishing access listed in Section 3 among others referring to issues of tonnage of vessel, fishing vessel registration, catch documentary compliance, no criminal record identification, letter of intent, preliminary list and allocation. The Order further provides for observer coverage, vessel monitoring system, reporting, vessel listing, monitoring of port landings, catch limit, net mesh size, use of fish aggregating device (FAD), nature of access right and penalties. The Order consists of 17 Articles.
- Fisheries Administrative Order No. 237: Series of 2010. Regulations requiring the installment of Juvenile and Trashfish Excluder Device (JTED) in trawls in Philippine waters.(Department of Agriculture, 2010-10-29)This Administrative Order, consisting of seven sections, establishes the Regulations Requiring the Installment of Juvenile and Trash Fish Excluder Device (JTED) in Trawls in Philippine Waters. This Order shall cover all commercial trawls in Philippine waters and prohibits for any person to operate fishing vessels using trawl nets, including all variations and modification of trawls without V12 or H15 JTEDs in Philippine waters. The construction and installation specifications are indicated in the attached device assembly technical data sheets, and shall be a requirement for the issuance of Commercial Fishing Vessel Gear License (CFVGL). Persons, associations, cooperatives, partnerships or corporations engaged in trawl fishing shall be given a period of three months from the effectivity of this Order to conform and/or comply with. The operator, boat captain or three highest officers of the boat who violates this Order shall upon conviction be punished by a fine equivalent to the value of catch or P10,000.00 Pesos whichever is higher, and imprisonment of six months, confiscation of catch and fishing gears, and automatic revocation of license.
- Fisheries Administrative Order No. 236-5: Series of 2018. Extension of FAO 236-4 series of 2015 on the rules and regulations on the operations of purse seine and ring net vessels using Fish Aggregating Devices (FADS) locally known as Payaos during the FAD closure period as compatible measures to WCFPC CMM 2017-01.(Department of Agriculture, 2018-07-06)
- Fisheries Administrative Order No. 236-4: Series of 2015. Extension of FAO 236-3 Series of 2015 on the rules and regulations on the operations of purse seine and ring net vessels using Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) locally known as Payaos during the FAD closure period as compatible measures to WCPFC CMM 2014-01.(Department of Agriculture, 2015-06-29)
- Fisheries Administrative Order No. 236-3: Series of 2014. Extension of FAO 236-2 series of 2013 or the rules and regulation on the operation of purse seine and ring net vessels using Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) locally known as Payao during the FAD closure period as compatible measure to WCFPC conservation and management measure 2013-01.(Department of Agriculture, 2014-02-24)
- Fisheries Administrative Order No. 1. Organization and functions of the Bureau of Fisheries.(Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1947-07-01)
- Ensuring aquatic food security in the PhilippinesCabral, Reniel; Geronimo, Rollan; Mamauag, Antonio Samuel; Silva, Juan; Mancao, Roquelito; Atrigenio, Michael (National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 2023-12)The human population of the Philippines is expected to reach 158 million by the year 2050, or an increase of 37% relative to 2022. This implies increased demand for aquatic food (or “fish” hereafter). This begs the question of whether the Philippines can meet the expected increase in fish demand. We estimate that even if the Philippines can maintain its current fish production, the Philippines will still require 1.67 million metric tons more fish per year by 2050 to at least maintain its current per capita fish consumption of 34.27 kg per year. Continued mismanagement of inland and marine fisheries will further widen the gap in fish supply. However, we argue that simultaneously rebuilding overfished fisheries, restoring degraded habitats crucial to supporting productive fisheries, addressing current threats to fisheries sustainability, and expanding sustainable marine aquaculture (or mariculture) have the potential to meet future fish demand in the Philippines. Sustainably expanding mariculture requires careful siting and management of mariculture development areas so that mariculture can improve food security without disenfranchising and marginalizing local coastal communities.This policy brief is the product of the address delivered by RBC during the 44th Annual Scientific Meeting of the National Academy of Science and Technology, Philippines, last July 2022, with the theme Foresight 2050: Science for a Sustainable Future. We dedicate this work in memory of our friend, Lito Mancao, who championed good governance in the Philippine fisheries and has generously supported numerous fisheries researchers and practitioners.
- Seaweed as a resilient food solution after a nuclear warJehn, Florian Ulrich; Dingal, Farrah Jasmine; Mill, Aron; Harrison, Cheryl; Ilin, Ekaterina; Roleda, Michael Y.; James, Scott C.; Denkenberger, David (American Geophysical Union, 2024-01-09)Abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios such as a nuclear winter caused by the burning of cities in a nuclear war, an asteroid/comet impact or an eruption of a large volcano inject large amounts of particles in the atmosphere, which limit sunlight. This could decimate agriculture as it is practiced today. We therefore need resilient food sources for such an event. One promising candidate is seaweed, as it can grow quickly in a wide range of environmental conditions. To explore the feasibility of seaweed after nuclear war, we simulate the growth of seaweed on a global scale using an empirical model based on Gracilaria tikvahiae forced by nuclear winter climate simulations. We assess how quickly global seaweed production could be scaled to provide a significant fraction of global food demand. We find seaweed can be grown in tropical oceans, even after nuclear war. The simulated growth is high enough to allow a scale up to an equivalent of 45% of the global human food demand (spread among food, animal feed, and biofuels) in around 9–14 months, while only using a small fraction of the global ocean area. The main limiting factor being the speed at which new seaweed farms can be built. The results also show that the growth of seaweed increases with the severity of the nuclear war, as more nutrients become available due to increased vertical mixing. This means that seaweed has the potential to be a viable resilient food source for abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios.
- Physiological and biochemical characterization of new wild strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) cultivated under land-based hatchery conditionsNarvarte, Bienson Ceasar V.; Hinaloc, Lourie Ann R.; Genovia, Tom Gerald T.; Gonzaga, Shienna Mae C.; Tabonda-Nabor, April Mae; Roleda, Michael Y. (Elsevier, 2022-12)The red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii is globally cultivated as a major source of k-carrageenan. Farming of this species through clonal propagation has been confined to a few good-quality commercial strains. After more than 50 years of successful cultivation and high productivity, the production of K. alvarezii in most “cottonii”-producing countries like the Philippines had declined in recent decades. This can be attributed to low genetic variability, making “old” cultivars more susceptible to environmental stressors, pests (epi- and endophytes) and diseases (e.g., ice-ice). Hence, the establishment of new cultivars from wild strains with desirable traits may provide alternative seedstocks with different genetic makeup from the currently farmed cultivars. Here, we examined the physiological and biochemical properties of 10 new wild strains of K. alvarezii, belonging to four non-commercially cultivated haplotypes, collected from Eastern Samar, Philippines. These strains were cultivated in an outdoor, land-based hatchery with ambient light and flow-through, nutrient replete seawater. Growth rates, ranging from 0.44 % to 3.74 % d-1, significantly varied among the strains but did not significantly vary among haplotypes. The cultivars also showed a notable change in color and morphology as they adapted to hatchery conditions. Pigments and total phenolic content did not significantly vary among cultivars. Proximate analysis showed that the dry biomass of all K. alvarezii strains was composed mainly of ash (ranging from 39.2 % to 51.0 %), followed by carbohydrate (ranging from 26.0 % to 35.3 %), and with trace amounts of proteins (ranging from 1.02 % to 4.61 %). Moreover, tissue stoichiometry (C, N and P) was comparable among the 10 strains. Considering the promising growth performance of strain SamW-014 under hatchery condition, we recommend its cultivation at sea and conduct corresponding carrageenan yield and quality analyses on its raw dried biomass. Among the 10 strains, five others are also of interest and for consideration. Thereafter, selected strain(s) will be introduced to seaweed farmers for future cultivation to increase biomass production, harvest yields, and income.This is contribution no. 492 from the University of the Philippines- the Marine Science Institute (UPMSI), Diliman, Quezon City. We thank the BFAR 8 Regional Director Juan D. Albaladejo, Vicenta Z. Projimo, and the staff for their hospitality in facilitating the collection of wild Kappaphycus samples in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, and the Bolinao Marine Laboratory (BML) and the Marine Biogeochemistry Laboratory of UPMSI for providing a venue to conduct hatchery and laboratory experiments. We also thank Guillermo Valenzuela and Jerry Arboleda for maintaining our cultures at the BML hatchery. MYR acknowledges the Philippines Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Balik Scientist Program (BSP) fellowship.