UNACOMODELI
UNESCO - Philippine National Commission (UNACOM) Online and Digital Enabling Library and Index
The UNESCO - Philippine National Commission Online and Digital Enabling Library and Index (UNACOMODELI) aims to support UNESCO’s core mission of building peace in the minds of the people through education, science, culture, and communication.
The UNACOM Online and Digital Enabling Library and Index is developed to advance the mutual knowledge and understanding, and encourage cooperation among the nations in all branches of intellectual activity, such as the exchange of publications, objects of artistic and scientific interest, and other materials of information. UNACOMODELI will serve as UNESCO - Philippine National Commission’s institutional memory and a source of high-quality information on UNESCO - Philippine National Commission's intellectual activities (in education, natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, and communication and information). The ultimate goal is to share knowledge and to transmit it to future generations.
Particularly, it aims to:
- Provide online access to UNESCO - Philippine National Commission publications, documents, and other materials.
- Index and promote UNESCO - Philippine National Commission-sponsored and -collaborative publications, and national committee members' and partner agencies’ publications, reports, policies, laws, legislations, articles, and other materials.
- Gather and index materials in the country that support UN Sustainable Development Goals, address the Ocean Decade challenges, and build capacity in the identification, inventorying, and safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage.
The UNACOMODELI collections include UNESCO and UNESCO - Philippine National Commission publications, speeches, press releases, capacity building materials, UNESCO - Philippine National Commission-sponsored publications, and other publications of interest to UNESCO.
📷 Credit: Gregory Piper / Ocean Image Bank 🔗
Collections in UNACOMODELI
Select a community to browse its collections.
- Education Committee - Education transforms lives
- Science and Technology (Natural Sciences) Committee - Science for a sustainable future
- Social & Human Sciences - Building inclusive and sustainable economies and societies
Recent Submissions
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 192-1: Series of 1997. Amending Section 3 of Fisheries Administrative Order No. 192, series of 1997.
(Department of Agriculture, 1997-09-16)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 192: Series of 1997. Strengthening of the Fisheries Quarantine Service (FQS) in the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and in the Department of Agriculture Regional Field Units, and prescribing rules, regulations, and procedures thereof.
(Department of Agriculture, 1997-02-18)
Juvenile scleractinian assemblage and its association with adults and benthos at shallow and upper mesophotic depths in fringing and atoll reefs in the Philippines
Albelda, Ritzelle L.; Cabaitan, Patrick C.; Sinniger, Frederic P.; Dumalagan, Edwin Jr; Quimpo, Timothy Joseph R.; Olavides, Ronald Dionnie D.; Munar, Jeffrey C.; Villanoy, Cesar L.; Siringan, Fernando (Elsevier B.V, 2020-10-15)
The juvenile stage is a critical part of a scleractinian’s life history as it is when they are highly vulnerable to various post-settlement mortality processes, which influence the structure of adult scleractinian assemblages. Although numerous studies have been done to understand dynamics of juvenile assemblages at shallow water reefs (SWRs), similar studies on deeper and less explored reefs, such as mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) remain limited. Using diver-based photo-quadrat method, we aimed to examine how juvenile scleractinian assemblages vary from SWRs (shallow: 3 to 10 m and middle: 10 to 20 m) to upper MCEs (deep: 30 to 40 m) in the fringing and atoll reefs in the Apo Reef Natural Park, Philippines. We also aimed to understand the potential association of juvenile scleractinian densities with adult scleractinian densities and benthic cover. A total of 12 families were recorded for both juveniles and adults with Poritidae being the most abundant, followed by Pocilloporidae and Acroporidae (and Merulinidae for juveniles only). Juvenile densities (ranging from 14 to 36 individuals/m2) varied among depth zone and reef type interactions and had a bimodal distribution, with the middle zone having the lowest density compared to the shallow and deep zones. Juvenile densities were correlated to benthic cover, particularly to high algal cover in the middle zone and availability of bare hard substrate in the shallow zone. Adult densities were also correlated with juvenile densities, but not commonly in the middle zone, emphasizing that it is only one of the many variables that contribute to juvenile assemblages. This study is the first to document juvenile scleractinian assemblages, how they vary from SWRs to MCEs in the Philippines and the Coral Triangle, and demonstrates the importance of benthos and adult brood stock in shaping juvenile scleractinian assemblages across depth zones.
Fish farm effluents alter reef benthic assemblages and reduce coral settlement
Quimpo, Timothy Joseph R.; Ligson, Charlon A.; Manogan, Dana P.; Requilme, Jeremiah Noelle; Albelda, Ritzelle L.; Conaco, Cecilia; Cabaitan, Patrick C. (Elsevier Ltd., 2020)
Fish farming in coastal areas is a rapidly growing industry. However, unregulated fish farming practices that release massive amounts of unconsumed feed and fecal material into the water column, can result in a nutrient enriched environment that extends to nearby reef systems. To understand the impact of fish farm effluent on coral settlement, we tested the settlement rate of Pocillopora acuta larvae on artificial substrates conditioned for 12 weeks at three sites with increasing distance (2–10 km) from fish farms in Bolinao, Philippines. Sites far from the fish farms had higher biofilm and crustose coralline algae cover. In contrast, the site closest to the fish farms, where nutrient levels were higher, had greater sediment and turf algae cover. Tiles conditioned at the farther sites promoted higher (6–8%) larval settlement whereas tiles from the nearer site had lower settlement (3%). These findings show that fish farm effluents can indirectly affect coral settlement on adjacent reefs by promoting growth of other biota that may inhibit larval settlement and by reducing the availability of suitable substrate.
A synthesis and review of historical eruptions at Taal Volcano, Southern Luzon, Philippines
Delos Reyes, Perla J.; Bornas, Ma. Antonia V.; Dominey-Howes, Dale; Pidlaoan, Abigail C.; Magill, Christina R.; Solidum, Renato Jr. U. (Elsevier BV, 2018-02)
The Philippines is an area of persistent volcanism, being located in one of the most tectonically active regions in the world. Taal Volcano in Southern Luzon is the second most frequently erupting volcano of the 24 active volcanoes in the Philippines. A comprehensive and critical review of published and unpublished references describing the 33 known historical eruptions of Taal may provide answers to knowledge gaps on past eruptive behavior, processes, and products that could be utilized for hazard and risk assessment of future eruptions.
Data on the prehistoric eruptions and evolution of Taal Caldera and subsequent deposits are limited. Only four caldera-forming events were identified based on four mapped ignimbrite deposits. From oldest to youngest, these are the silicic Alitagtag (ALI) and Caloocan (CAL) Pumice Flow deposits, the dacitic Sambong Ignimbrite (SAM), and the basaltic-andesitic Taal Scoria Flow, renamed Scoria Pyroclastic Flow (SFL). Except for SFL with 14C dating yielding 5380 ± 70 to 6830 ± 80 ky, there are no age constraints or estimates of extent for the three older deposits.
A comprehensive review of the historical eruptions of Taal Volcano is the central element of this paper and includes all eruptions from AD1572 (the first known historic event) to AD1977. Eruption styles and the interplay between processes and products for each eruption are reinterpreted based on the narrative descriptions from all available accounts. A change of classification of eruption styles and eruptive products is undertaken for some events. At least nine reported eruptions were deemed uncertain including the AD1605-AD1611 event (more likely seismic swarms), the AD1634, AD1635, and AD1645 (may simply be solfataric or hydrothermal activity) events, and the AD1790, AD1825, AD1842, AD1873 and AD1903 events that were listed in recent published and unpublished documents but do not provide any details to describe and confirm the eruptions except for listing a default VEI of 2.
Pyroclastic density currents brought devastating impacts to the communities around Taal during the AD1749, AD1754, AD1911 and AD1965 eruptions and remain the biggest threat in the case of renewed volcanic activity. Significant implications for aviation are implied by the narrative of tephra fall dispersal towards Manila, the central gateway of international aviation operation in the Philippines, during the AD1754 eruptions. The dispersal of tephra in the event of an explosive eruption at Taal towards Metro Manila would have catastrophic effects to transport, utilities and business activity, potentially generating enormous economic losses. Hazards from earthquake events associated with future volcanic activity may also have localized impacts. Occurrences of liquefaction phenomena as a consequence of severe ground shaking are interpreted during the AD1749, AD1754, and AD1911 eruptions.
More work needs to be done to develop a comprehensive understanding of the hazards and risks associated with an explosive eruption at Taal Volcano, especially related to the older Quaternary caldera-forming eruptions that produced large-volume pyroclastic deposits that are extensively distributed and exposed. We acknowledge that there may be additional prehistoric eruptions where the eruptive products have not been preserved, recognized or reported. Events that cannot be verified or do not have sufficient details to confirm the eruption, have been downgraded to “uncertain”. Eruptions that are confirmed with identified dispersal and emplacement of tephra fall and other eruptive deposits, as interpreted from narrated records, could provide crucial information that may be utilized in hazard assessment.