Challenge 03: Sustainably feed the global population

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Ocean Decade

Challenge 03:
Sustainably feed the global population

Generate knowledge, support innovation and develop solutions to optimize the role of the ocean in sustainably nourishing the world’s population under changing environmental, social and climate conditions.

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BFAR Administrative Circular No. 238-1: Series of 2013. Amending several provisions of Fisheries Administrative Order No. 238, series of 2012.
(Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, 2013-10-10)
This Circular is issued to amend several provisions of Fisheries Administrative Order No. 238, series of 2012 Rules and Regulations Governing the Implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No. 1005/2008 on the Catch Certification Scheme . Section 1 is amended to further clarify item 2 and to include the following objectives: "2. Ensure full traceability of fishery products derived from legal, reported and regulated fishing activities in the Philippines, at all stages from harvesting and processing to marketing;" 5. Update and revise as necessary, procedures on the catch documentation scheme to conform to developments in international markets; 6. Ensure continued global market access of Philippine fish and fishery products;". Section 3 is amended to clarify the scope of application of the regulation, as follows: "This Order shall apply to all foreign or Philippine flagged fishing vessels that supply raw materials to canneries, processors or exporters for processing prior to the export of the processed fishery products to EU-member countries, and to Philippine flagged fishing vessels directly exporting raw materials to EU-member countries. This Order shall also apply to canneries, processors, and exporters which are exporting fishery products to EU- member countries." Other amendments are made for: declaration of catch landing and transshipment, regular catch certificate, catch origin landing declaration(COLD), traceability, mandatory monitoring of production/ processing activities, etc. For purpose of catch documentation scheme, the mother catch certificate and consignment catch certificate will no longer be issued. Only regular catch certificate will be issued. Risk-based monitoring of processing activities of raw materials intended for export to EU shall be undertaken by authorized BFAR personnel to ensure that accredited traceability system/procedures are strictly followed and therefore ensuring full traceability of fishery products inside the processing plants.
Clonal propagation of Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii for Philippine seaweed farms
Dawes, C. J.; Trono, G. C.; Lluisma, A. O. (Springer, 1993-06)
Technique improvement and cost reduction of branch culture, micropropagation, and callus production of carrageenan-yielding seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum is presented. Low cost branch culture is possible by enriching seawater with 0.1% coconut water with 1 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid for 24 h wk−1 or continuous culture with 0.01% Algafer, a Philippine fertilizer. Micropropagation of 0.5 cm explants had almost 100% new branch production demonstrating the viability of callus regenerated plants. The use of carrageenan as a media for callus production was not effective when compared to agar. Propagules of both species, transferred from the University of the Philippine Marine Science Institute (UPMSI) culture facility to the field, showed daily percent growth rates of 5 to 5.5% d−1 over 84 days. Based on the costs of the UPMSI laboratory, a culture facility in the seaweed farming area is estimated to cost about U. S. $22000 during the initial year and 58% less the second year.
Defending Philippine maritime territory and marine resources: Initiatives and problems
Carranza, Ruben R., Jr. (Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development, 2002)
The significance of the Philippines' maritime territory and the complexities of its defense are examined. The speaker highlights the integral role of the country's waters in trade, food security, and resource provision. Challenges, including naval limitations and maritime intrusions, are presented, followed by a discussion of defense strategies like selective sea control. The speech concludes with a call for decisive policy actions, diplomatic solutions to territorial conflicts, and improved capabilities to safeguard the nation's maritime interests.
Electrophoretic evidence for extensive hybrid gene introgression into commercial Oreochromis niloticus (L.) stocks in the Philippines
Macaranas, J. M.; Taniguchi, N.; Pante, M. J. R.; Capili, J. B.; Pullin, R. S. V. (Hindawi Limited, 1986-10)
The usefulness of isozyme and protein markers in identifying tilapia species and their hybrids is demonstrated. Genetic characterization of Oreochromis niloticus populations from commercial farms, experimental stations, and government hatcheries in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao in the Philippines indicates well-established introgression with O. mossambicus. Genetic differentiation of the O. niloticus stocks, measured by Nei's genetic distance, was highly correlated with O. mossambicus gene content. The implications of these results for tilapia genetic improvement are discussed.
Ensuring aquatic food security in the Philippines
Cabral, Reniel; Geronimo, Rollan; Mamauag, Antonio Samuel; Silva, Juan; Mancao, Roquelito; Atrigenio, Michael (National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 2023-12)
The human population of the Philippines is expected to reach 158 million by the year 2050, or an increase of 37% relative to 2022. This implies increased demand for aquatic food (or “fish” hereafter). This begs the question of whether the Philippines can meet the expected increase in fish demand. We estimate that even if the Philippines can maintain its current fish production, the Philippines will still require 1.67 million metric tons more fish per year by 2050 to at least maintain its current per capita fish consumption of 34.27 kg per year. Continued mismanagement of inland and marine fisheries will further widen the gap in fish supply. However, we argue that simultaneously rebuilding overfished fisheries, restoring degraded habitats crucial to supporting productive fisheries, addressing current threats to fisheries sustainability, and expanding sustainable marine aquaculture (or mariculture) have the potential to meet future fish demand in the Philippines. Sustainably expanding mariculture requires careful siting and management of mariculture development areas so that mariculture can improve food security without disenfranchising and marginalizing local coastal communities.
This policy brief is the product of the address delivered by RBC during the 44th Annual Scientific Meeting of the National Academy of Science and Technology, Philippines, last July 2022, with the theme Foresight 2050: Science for a Sustainable Future. We dedicate this work in memory of our friend, Lito Mancao, who championed good governance in the Philippine fisheries and has generously supported numerous fisheries researchers and practitioners.
Evolving governance structures in community-based sandfish mariculture and their interactions with livelihood outcomes: Evidence from the Philippines
Fabinyi, Michael; Gorospe, Jay R; McClean, Nicholas; Juinio–Meñez, Marie Antonette (Frontiers Media SA, 2022-11-02)
Sea cucumber mariculture is an important emerging field of practice and applied research in the coastal tropics. This is due to the existing importance of tropical sea cucumber fisheries for wealth generation and poverty reduction, and the potential for mariculture to contribute to the longer term sustainability of these fisheries while generating benefits additional to those from wild caught sea cucumber. Understanding the optimal institutional arrangements for sea cucumber mariculture is an important area of focus in this field, with a variety of arrangements currently in place. This paper documents the establishment of a communal form of sea ranching in the Philippines, as a case study of community level institutional processes. It describes the background to establishment of the sea ranch in the community of Victory, challenges encountered and how these were managed, and the evolution of governance arrangements. In charting this process, we assess the impacts on livelihood outcomes, highlighting this as a crucial aspect influencing this evolution and the nature of community involvement in the sea ranch. While the sea ranching project generated a range of benefits for livelihoods, including possible spillover effects for the surrounding fishery, substantial economic returns from harvests did not occur. Thus, the system of governing the sea ranch evolved from a communal model to a more exclusive household model primarily to improve operational efficiency. In order for possible benefits of the sea ranch to be sustained and enhanced, greater integration with fisheries management and government support will be needed.
We are grateful to the Samahan ng Maliliit na Mangingisda ng Barangay Victory, Inc., the local government unit of Barangay Victory and Bolinao for their support to the Sea cucumber Research Program. We are also thankful to Tirso Catbagan, Josh Caasi, Rona Cabanayan-Soy, and Garry Bucol for their invaluable assistance during the field monitoring of sandfish in the sea ranch.
Feeding and reproductive phenotypic traits of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla in seagrass beds impacted by eutrophication
Bangi, Helen Grace P.; Juinio-Meñez, Marie Antonette (MDPI AG, 2023-07-11)
The sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is a major grazer and is, hence, an excellent key model organism to study to gain a better understanding of responses to changes in its habitat. We investigated whether there are significant variations in the feeding and reproductive phenotypic traits of populations from three seagrass bed sites, with respect to their proximity to fish farms in Bolinao, northwestern Philippines. We established three stations in each of the three sites: the far, the intermediate, and those near the fish farms, and compared the sea urchins’ phenotypic traits and determined whether these were related to seagrass productivity and water parameters. Regardless of the sampling period, adult sea urchins (66.92 ± 0.27 mm test diameter, TD, n = 157) from the areas intermediate and near to the fish farms had significantly lower indices of Aristotle’s lantern, gut contents, gut and gonads, and lower gonad quality (high percentage of unusual black gonads), compared to those from the far stations. Multivariate analysis showed that the smaller feeding structures and gut, lower consumption rates and lower gonad indices and quality of sea urchins in the intermediate and near fish farms were positively related to lower shoot density, leaf production and species diversity, as well as lower water movement in those stations. The larger size of the Aristotle’s lantern in the far stations was not related to food limitations. More importantly, the phenotypic variability in the feeding structures and gonads of sea urchins in the same seagrass bed provides new evidence regarding the sensitivity of this species to environmental factors that may affect variability in food quality.
The authors are very grateful to the anonymous reviewers for providing significant comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. They are also indebted to the following: Rene R. Rollon, for providing advice on seagrass sampling techniques; Symon Dworjanyn, for providing valuable inputs in the earlier version of this manuscript; Marilou San Diego-McGlone, for providing some water quality data in Bolinao; Charissa M. Ferrerra, for the assistance provided on the Ocean Data View mapping software; Ma Josefa R. Pante, for some statistical advice. The authors would like to thank Jay R Gorospe for reviewing and providing valuable suggestions on the revised version of the manuscript, likewise to Lambert Meñez, for critically editing the manuscript, and to Jerwin Baure for additional assistance in copy editing the manuscript. The authors are thankful to Larry Milan, Jack Rengel, Lawrence Ramoran, for assisting the authors in field sampling and laboratory processing of samples. L. Milan, Jan Noelle Rimando and Aphrodite Entoma assisted in laboratory analysis of samples, particularly in gut content analysis.
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 227: Series of 2008. Rules and regulations governing the export of fish and aquatic products to European Union member countries.
(Department of Agriculture, 2008-11-20)
This Order, consisting of 11 articles, establishes Rules and Regulations governing the Export of Fish and Live Aquatic Animals Products to European Member Countries. This Order lays down specific rules on the hygiene of processed and unprocessed FA products for business operators intending to export their products to the EU for human consumption. Unless specifically stated to the contrary, this Order does not apply to processed foods containing both products of plant origin and processed FA products. However, any processed FA products used to prepare such foods must be obtained and handled in accordance with the requirements of this Order. This Order must apply without prejudice to the general requirements of Republic Act No 8550, Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998, and the following FAOs as applied to the harvesting, production, preparation and processing of FA products for domestic or non-EU markets: The Fishery and Aquaculture Business Operator Responsibilities (FABO) must comply with the requirements of the relevant provisions of the PD 856 - Code of Sanitation of the Philippines - and such additional provisions of this Order that are required by EU legislation from time to time in force. FABO must also comply with the relevant provisions in Chapters I to V of the Implementing Code of Practice for this Order ("The Code of GMP for Business Operators Exporting FA Products from the Philippines to the EU, 2008") and take all steps necessary to meet the food safety objectives set by this Order. In addition, FABO must ensure that all processed FA products exported to the EU comply with all relevant EU food safety legislation, in particular that relating to: (i) specified maximum levels for certain contaminants such as histamine, heavy metals, dioxins and PCB-like materials, and poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, set out in Chapter III, Section II, Part VII of the Code of Practice referred to in paragraph 2; (ii) microbiological criteria; (iii) permitted veterinary drugs and maximum residues arising from their use; (iv) food contact materials; and (v) permitted food additives and their conditions of use.
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 1. Organization and functions of the Bureau of Fisheries.
(Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1947-07-01)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 198-1: Series of 2018. Amended rules and regulations on registration and licensing of commercial fishing vessels, fishing gears and fishworkers.
(Department of Agriculture, 2018-09-04)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 198: Series of 2000. Rules and regulations on commercial fishing.
(Department of Agriculture, 2000-02-23)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 225-1: Series of 2007. Guidelines for the importation and culture of the Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei).
(Department of Agriculture, 2007-01-08)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 225-2: Series of 2008. Amending Sections 2 and Section 3 of Fisheries Administative Order No. 225 Series of 2007 and providing for additional provision under Section 2 hereof.
(Department of Agriculture, 2008-11-20)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 225-3: Series of 2008. Amending Section 1 of Fisheries Administrative Order No. 225-1 Series of 2007 as follows:
(Department of Agriculture, 2008-11-20)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 225: Series of 2007. Allowing the importation of the broodstock of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei and the culture of the offspring thereof.
(Department of Agriculture, 2007-01-08)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 226: Series of 2008. Regulation on the mesh size of tuna purse seine nets and trading of small tuna.
(Department of Agriculture, 2008-08-01)
This Administrative Order, consisting of 6 Sections, establishes the Regulation on the Mesh Size of Tuna Purse Seine Nets and Trading of Small Tuna. The following management and conservation measures to prescribe the mesh size of tuna purse seine nets in catching tuna and regulation on the trading of small tuna are promulgated to prohibit to any person, association, cooperative, partnership or corporation to operate tuna purse seine nets with mesh size smaller than 3.5 inches (8.89 cm) at the bag or bunt portion in catching tuna. It shall be unlawful also to trade small tuna caught beyond the bycatch ceiling. Violation of Section 2 of this order shall subject the offender to a fine of from 2,000.00 to 20,000.00 Pesos or imprisonment from six months to two years or both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court; the boat captain and the master fisherman may also be subject to the penalties provided; the owner/operator of the commercial fishing vessel who violates this provision shall be subjected to the same penalties; the Department is empowered to impose upon the offender an administrative fine and/or cancel the fishing licence.
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 228: Series of 2008. Rules governing the organization and implementation of official controls on fishery and aquatic products intended for export to the EU market for human consumption.
(Department of Agriculture, 2008-11-20)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 230: Series of 2009. Allowing the importation and culture of the broodstock and post-larvae of Specific Pathogen Free / Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPF/SPR) Black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon and the culture of the offspring thereof.
(Department of Agriculture, 2009-12-03)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 236-3: Series of 2014. Extension of FAO 236-2 series of 2013 or the rules and regulation on the operation of purse seine and ring net vessels using Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) locally known as Payao during the FAD closure period as compatible measure to WCFPC conservation and management measure 2013-01.
(Department of Agriculture, 2014-02-24)
Fisheries Administrative Order No. 236-4: Series of 2015. Extension of FAO 236-3 Series of 2015 on the rules and regulations on the operations of purse seine and ring net vessels using Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) locally known as Payaos during the FAD closure period as compatible measures to WCPFC CMM 2014-01.
(Department of Agriculture, 2015-06-29)