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Challenge 10: Change humanity’s relationship with the ocean

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.unesco.gov.ph/handle/123456789/27

Ocean Decade


Challenge 10:
Change humanity’s relationship with the ocean



Meaningful society-ocean connections are strengthened, driving increased motivation, capability and opportunity for people, across all sectors of society, to make decisions, act and behave in ways that ensure a healthy ocean.

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    Ecotourism in the Philippines
    Cruz-Araneta, Gemma (Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development, 2002)
    The growing global awareness for ecology and conservation brought a new segment in the tourism industry known as Ecotourism, an intermarriage between tourism development and environmental protection thereby promoting a more environmentally-sensitive kind of tourism. Ecotourism is regarded by many as an alternative form of tourism as it gives more emphasis to nature-based activities. As a development strategy, ecotourism is deemed as a sustainable vehicle towards achieving environmental integrity and economic upliftment. If properly planned and developed, ecotourism could be a viable tool in environmental protection.
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    Improvement and technology transfer of the Parañaque-type solar salt making technology for industrial salt production
    Dominguez, Leonora G. (Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development, 2002)
    A study on the improvement of the Parahaque type solar salt making technology was undertaken to develop and establish a practical, inexpensive and effective method of producing high quality salt. As an initial step, a survey was conducted by the Chemical Research Department (now CMD) of NIST (now ITDI) on the prevailing practices and status of the existing solar salt making technology in Metro Manila and nearby provinces. Interviews with salt workers and salt work owners including local officials were conducted. Assessments of local saltworks and salt making practices were made; problems of the industry were identified and areas for technology innovation and/or improvement were determined. Samples of solar salt products were taken for analysis. Recommendations were made and subsequently appropriate actions were taken to help promote the improvement and development of the local solar salt making industry. For two successive salt making seasons, a team of NIST researchers introduced and applied the scientific method for solar salt making in a typical one-hectare saltwork located in Bacoor, Cavite. Appropriate brine management and process control measures were devised and eventually practical experience was acquired. Data were gathered for assessment. The salt products as analyzed meet the specifications for industrial grade salt. Encouraged by the results obtained from the two demonstration saltworks, the improved solar salt making technology was subsequently applied during three successive salt making seasons in five privately owned saltworks as a technology transfer and joint R&D undertaking. This application of the ITDI technology was done side by side with the traditional salt making process of the respective saltworks. Production data gathered from both technologies were compared; representative samples of both crude and ITDI salt products were analyzed and the quality compared. The Parañaque type solar salt making technology can be improved to produce industrial grade salt through the application of the ITDI improved method. As shown from the results of the experiments which were done in comparison with the traditional method on a one to one crystallizer basis, the salt yield can be more than doubled; and since the product is of high quality and meets the requirements for industrial salt, its selling price can be 3 to 4 times higher compared to the traditional crude solar salt product. Consequently, the income that can be derived using the ITDI improved technology can possibly be increased by 6 to 8 times.
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    The Philippine shipbuilding and ship repair industry situation report 1997
    Maritime Industry Authority (Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development, 2002)
    This report presents a comprehensive overview of the Philippine shipbuilding and ship repair (SBSR) industry as of 1997, prepared by the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA). As an archipelagic nation dependent on maritime transport for 95% of its cargo and passenger movement, the Philippines requires a strong SBSR sector to support its domestic and international fleet. The report details the industry’s profile, including 253 licensed enterprises with facilities concentrated in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, and a workforce of nearly 35,000 skilled and technical personnel. It highlights the dominance of foreign-assisted large shipyards, the rise of ship construction for both domestic use and export, and the central role of ship repair activities due to regulatory requirements and regional demand. Issues such as low local demand for newbuildings, reliance on imported secondhand ships, inadequate ancillary industries, outdated facilities, and manpower challenges are discussed. Government policies, investment incentives, and private sector initiatives are outlined to address these constraints. Finally, the report emphasizes growth prospects in shipbuilding, repair, and shipbreaking, underscoring the industry’s potential to achieve international competitiveness through modernization, foreign partnerships, and research and development.
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    Philippine coral reefs: Our national treasure and global heritage
    (Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, 2019)
    This book is a collection of vignettes on the value of our natural treasure and global heritage, the coral reefs. Through the experiences and adventures of himself, fellow researchers, and friends, Dr. Aliño hopes to inspire everyone to know more about our coral reefs.
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    Performance of rice straw as mono- and co-feedstock of Ulva spp. for thalassic biogas production
    Marquez, Gian Powell B.; Takeuchi, Hisae; Montaño, Marco Nemesio E.; Hasegawa, Tatsuya (Elsevier, 2020-09)
    The seasonal availability of Ulva spp. (U) poses a problem for the continuous operation of thalassic (TH) biogas digesters. Hence, rice straw (RS) was tested as an alternative substrate because of its abundance in Asian countries. The anaerobic monodigestion (AMD) of RS was performed under freshwater (FW) and TH conditions to investigate the TH biogas production performance using terrestrial biomass. Biological hydrolysis (BH-P) and 3% NaOH (NaOH-P) pretreatments were employed to minimize the limitation of biomass hydrolysis in the methane fermentation process. The BH-P [FW = 62.2 ± 30.9 mLCH4 g−1VS (volatile solids); TH = 75.8 ± 5.7 mLCH4 g−1VS] of RS led to higher actual methane yield (AMY) than NaOH-P (FW = 15.8 ± 22.8 mLCH4 g−1VS; TH = 21.4 ± 4.2 mLCH4 g−1VS) under both conditions (P = 0.008), while AMY of FW BH-P was comparable (P = 0.182) to TH BH-P. Thus, TH and BH-P was applied to the anaerobic co-digestion (ACD) of U and RS of varying mixture ratios. All ACD set-ups resulted in higher AMY (25U:75RS = 107.6 ± 7.9 mLCH4 g−1VS, 50U:50RS = 130.3 ± 10.3 mLCH4 g−1VS, 75U:25RS = 121.7 ± 2.7 mLCH4 g−1VS) compared with 100% RS (75.8 ± 5.7 mLCH4 g−1VS) or 100% U (94.8 ± 6.8 mLCH4 g−1VS) alone. While the AMY of 50U:50RS was comparable to 75U:25RS (P = 0.181), it is significantly higher (P = 0.003) than its estimated methane yield (EMY; 85.3 mLCH4 g−1VS), suggesting a synergistic effect on ACD of U and RS under 50:50 ratio. The results show that RS can be used as an alternative mono-feedstock for TH biogas production, and a high AMY can be obtained when RS is used as co-feedstock with U.
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    Inhibition of biofilm formation by modified oxylipins from the shipworm symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae
    Lacerna, Noel M.; Ramones, Cydee Marie V.; Robes, Jose Miguel D.; Picart, Myra Ruth D.; Tun, Jortan O.; Miller, Bailey W.; Haygood, Margo G.; Schmidt, Eric W.; Salvador-Reyes, Lilibeth A.; Concepcion, Gisela (MDPI, 2020-12-20)
    The bioactivity-guided purification of the culture broth of the shipworm endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae strain 991H.S.0a.06 yielded a new fatty acid, turneroic acid (1), and two previously described oxylipins (2–3). Turneroic acid (1) is an 18-carbon fatty acid decorated by a hydroxy group and an epoxide ring. Compounds 1–3 inhibited bacterial biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis, while only 3 showed antimicrobial activity against planktonic S. epidermidis. Comparison of the bioactivity of 1–3 with structurally related compounds indicated the importance of the epoxide moiety for selective and potent biofilm inhibition.
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    The Ulvophyceae (Chlorophyta) of eastern Sorsogon, Philippines, including Halimeda magnicuneata sp. nov. (Bryopsidales)
    Dumilag, Richard V.; Dumago, Ferdinand S.; Cabudoy, Rea Kissel R.; Peralta, Mark Christian E.; Li, Camille C.; Gamus, Glenn Cedrick V.; Romero, Rose Glendelyn T.; Yap, Sandra L.; Roleda, Michael Y.; Geraldino, Paul John L.; Verbruggen, Heroen; Leliaert, Frederik; Draisma, Stefano G.A.; Liao, Lawrence M.; Kraft, Gerald T. (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2020-08-31)
    The marine algal flora of eastern Sorsogon has been intensively collected and is generally considered as the richest in the Philippines. A trend of species records in the area has been dominated by rhodophytes (red algae) with significantly fewer similar studies for other algal groups (green and brown algae). In this study we present an updated catalogue of the green seaweeds (Ulvophyceae) of eastern Sorsogon. A checklist, including notes on taxonomy, is given of the 103 species. Twenty-six species are newly recorded locally of which five represent new records for the Philippines: Avrainvillea amadelpha, Caulerpa buginensis, an unidentified Caulerpa species, Codium cf. latum, and one taxon new to science. The new species is described as Halimeda magnicuneata Verbruggen et Dumilag based on morpho-anatomy and DNA sequence data. The number of ulvophycean species recorded in eastern Sorsogon is found to be the highest in the Philippines. This may be a result of the high collection effort in the region, as well as eastern Sorsogon’s diverse habitats providing favourable conditions for a wide range of seaweed species.
    We are thankful to W.J. E. Santiañez for sorting the Ulvophyceae collection at MSI and to Willem Prud’homme van Reine for useful discussions on Caulerpa. M.Y. Roleda acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Balik Scientist Program for the fellowhip. All Sta. Magdalena and some Bulusan collections deposited at FEU were part of the undergraduate group thesis by F.S. Dumago, R.K.R. Cabudoy, M.C.E. Peralta and C.C. Li.