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Challenge 04: Develop a sustainable and equitable ocean economy

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.unesco.gov.ph/handle/123456789/23

Ocean Decade


Challenge 04:
Develop a sustainable and equitable ocean economy



Generate knowledge, support innovation and multi-sectoral partnerships and develop solutions for equitable, resilient and sustainable development of the ocean economy under changing environmental, social and climate conditions.

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Ocean Decade Challenge: search.filters.odc.Challenge 3: Sustainably feed the global population

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    Fisheries Administrative Order No. 245-4: Series of 2018. Regulations and implementing guidelines on group tuna purse seine operations in high seas pocket number 1 as a special management area.
    (Department of Agriculture, 2018-07-25)
    This Administrative Order covers the 36 Philippine registered traditional group seine fishing vessels granted access to the HSP1-SMA, having gross tonnage of not more than 250 GT issued with International Fishing Permits, and listed in the WCPFC record of fishing vessels. It applies only to HSP-1 SMA, which is the area of the high seas bounded by the EEZs of the Federated States of Micronesia to the north and east, Republic of Palau to the west, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea to the south with exact coordinates as used by WCPFC Vessel Monitoring. Fishing access to operate in HSP1-SMA is granted on the basis of compliance to specific criteria. Compatible measure for the high seas and exclusive economic zones (EEZs) are implemented so that bigeye, yellowfin and skipjack tuna stocks are, at a minimum,maintained at levels capable of producing their maximum sustainable yield, as qualified by relevant environmental and economic factors including the special requirements of developing States in the Convention Area as expressed by Article 5 of the Convention. The vessels or the fishing company shall notify BFAR through electronic or any means the entry and the exit the HSP-1 SMA. Likewise, this information shall be transmitted to the adjacent coastal States / Territories and WCPFC. The report should be in the following format: "VID/entry or Exit: Date/Time; Lat/Long." The vessels operating in HSP-1 SMA should report sightings of any fishing vessel to the BFAR and WCPFC Secretariat Such information shall include vessel type, date, time, position, markings, heading and speed. The Bureau shall maintain an updated list of all fishing vessels operating in the I-ISP-i SMA based on the foregoing vessel's entry and exit reports submitted to WCPFC. The list will be submitted to WCPFC and will be made available to WCPFC members and other concerned stakeholders through dedicated website, www.bfar.gov.ph. Any violations of the provisions of this Fisheries Administrative Order shall be penalized with fines and penalties specified in the text.
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    Fisheries Administrative Order No. 227: Series of 2008. Rules and regulations governing the export of fish and aquatic products to European Union member countries.
    (Department of Agriculture, 2008-11-20)
    This Order, consisting of 11 articles, establishes Rules and Regulations governing the Export of Fish and Live Aquatic Animals Products to European Member Countries. This Order lays down specific rules on the hygiene of processed and unprocessed FA products for business operators intending to export their products to the EU for human consumption. Unless specifically stated to the contrary, this Order does not apply to processed foods containing both products of plant origin and processed FA products. However, any processed FA products used to prepare such foods must be obtained and handled in accordance with the requirements of this Order. This Order must apply without prejudice to the general requirements of Republic Act No 8550, Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998, and the following FAOs as applied to the harvesting, production, preparation and processing of FA products for domestic or non-EU markets: The Fishery and Aquaculture Business Operator Responsibilities (FABO) must comply with the requirements of the relevant provisions of the PD 856 - Code of Sanitation of the Philippines - and such additional provisions of this Order that are required by EU legislation from time to time in force. FABO must also comply with the relevant provisions in Chapters I to V of the Implementing Code of Practice for this Order ("The Code of GMP for Business Operators Exporting FA Products from the Philippines to the EU, 2008") and take all steps necessary to meet the food safety objectives set by this Order. In addition, FABO must ensure that all processed FA products exported to the EU comply with all relevant EU food safety legislation, in particular that relating to: (i) specified maximum levels for certain contaminants such as histamine, heavy metals, dioxins and PCB-like materials, and poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, set out in Chapter III, Section II, Part VII of the Code of Practice referred to in paragraph 2; (ii) microbiological criteria; (iii) permitted veterinary drugs and maximum residues arising from their use; (iv) food contact materials; and (v) permitted food additives and their conditions of use.
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    Fisheries Administrative Order No. 226: Series of 2008. Regulation on the mesh size of tuna purse seine nets and trading of small tuna.
    (Department of Agriculture, 2008-08-01)
    This Administrative Order, consisting of 6 Sections, establishes the Regulation on the Mesh Size of Tuna Purse Seine Nets and Trading of Small Tuna. The following management and conservation measures to prescribe the mesh size of tuna purse seine nets in catching tuna and regulation on the trading of small tuna are promulgated to prohibit to any person, association, cooperative, partnership or corporation to operate tuna purse seine nets with mesh size smaller than 3.5 inches (8.89 cm) at the bag or bunt portion in catching tuna. It shall be unlawful also to trade small tuna caught beyond the bycatch ceiling. Violation of Section 2 of this order shall subject the offender to a fine of from 2,000.00 to 20,000.00 Pesos or imprisonment from six months to two years or both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court; the boat captain and the master fisherman may also be subject to the penalties provided; the owner/operator of the commercial fishing vessel who violates this provision shall be subjected to the same penalties; the Department is empowered to impose upon the offender an administrative fine and/or cancel the fishing licence.
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    Growth, nitrate uptake kinetics, and biofiltration potential of eucheumatoids with different thallus morphologies
    Narvarte, Bienson Ceasar V.; Genovia, Tom Gerald T.; Hinaloc, Lourie Ann R.; Roleda, Michael Y. (Wiley, 2021-12-30)
    The declining production of commercially important eucheumatoids related to serious problems like increasing susceptibility to ice‐ice disease and epiphytism may be ameliorated by nutrition. This ushered to an increasing interest in incorporating seaweeds into an integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) setup to take up excess inorganic nutrients produced by fish farms for their nourishment. In this regard, it is important to understand the nutrient uptake capacity of candidate seaweeds for incorporation in an IMTA system. Here, we examined the growth, nitrate (NO3‐) uptake kinetics and biofiltration potential of Eucheuma denticulatum and three strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii (G‐O2, TR‐C16 and SW‐13) with distinct thallus morphologies. The NO3‐ uptake rates of the samples were determined under a range of NO3‐ concentration (1‐ 48 µM) and uptake rates were fitted to the Michaelis‐Menten saturation equation. Among the examined eucheumatoids, only SW‐13 had a linear response to NO3‐ concentration while other strains had uptake rates that followed the Michaelis‐Menten saturation equation. Eucheuma denticulatum had the lowest Km (9.78 ± 1.48 µM) while G‐O2 had the highest Vmax (307 ± 79.3 µmol · g‐1 · min‐1). The efficiency in NO3‐ uptake (highest Vmax/Km and α) was translated into the highest growth rate (3.41± 0.58 % · d‐1) measured in E. denticulatum. Our study provided evidence that eucheumatoids could potentially take up large amount of NO3‐ and fix CO2 when cultivated proximate to a fish farm as one component of an IMTA system. During a 45‐d cultivation period of eucheumatoids, as much as 370 g NO3‐ can be sequestered by every 1 kg initial biomass E. denticulatum growing at 3% · d‐1. Furthermore, based on our unpublished photosynthetic measurements, the congeneric K. striatus can fix 27.5 g C · kg‐1 DW during a 12‐h daylight period.
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    Clonal propagation of Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus alvarezii for Philippine seaweed farms
    Dawes, C. J.; Trono, G. C.; Lluisma, A. O. (Springer, 1993-06)
    Technique improvement and cost reduction of branch culture, micropropagation, and callus production of carrageenan-yielding seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum is presented. Low cost branch culture is possible by enriching seawater with 0.1% coconut water with 1 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid for 24 h wk−1 or continuous culture with 0.01% Algafer, a Philippine fertilizer. Micropropagation of 0.5 cm explants had almost 100% new branch production demonstrating the viability of callus regenerated plants. The use of carrageenan as a media for callus production was not effective when compared to agar. Propagules of both species, transferred from the University of the Philippine Marine Science Institute (UPMSI) culture facility to the field, showed daily percent growth rates of 5 to 5.5% d−1 over 84 days. Based on the costs of the UPMSI laboratory, a culture facility in the seaweed farming area is estimated to cost about U. S. $22000 during the initial year and 58% less the second year.
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    Fisheries Administrative Order No. 245: Series of 2012. Regulations and implementing guidelines on group tuna purse seine operations in high seas pocket number 1 as a special management area.
    (Department of Agriculture, 2012)
    The Order provides for conservation, management and sustainable producing bigeye, yellowfin, skipjack tuna stocks in the high seas and exclusive economic zones within the framework of International Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean and adapted local resolutions in the Philippines. This Administrative Order covers the registered traditional group seine fishing vessels granted access to the HSP1-SMA which is the area of ​​the high seas bounded by the EEZs of the named Federated States in the Order with exact coordination by Vessel Monitoring System. The Order provides for compliance to the criteria and procedures in the allocation of fishing access listed in Section 3 among others referring to issues of tonnage of vessel, fishing vessel registration, catch documentary compliance, no criminal record identification, letter of intent, preliminary list and allocation. The Order further provides for observer coverage, vessel monitoring system, reporting, vessel listing, monitoring of port landings, catch limit, net mesh size, use of fish aggregating device (FAD), nature of access right and penalties. The Order consists of 17 Articles.