Seagrass-mangrove ecosystems management: A key to marine coastal conservation in the ASEAN region

Abstract

Seagrass beds and mangrove forests are intimately linked by functional interactive processes which are as yet little understood. These high-order interactions form a major basis which justifies an integrated management scheme for the two ecosystems. However, while dominating enclosed coastal areas in the ASEAN region, seagrass and mangrove habitats are being degraded and destroyed at an alarming rate, raising serious doubt on their capacity for biological sustainability and normal recovery within this generation. An integrated approach towards seagrass and mangrove ecosystems management in the ASEAN region is discussed within a framework of known ecological principles. Recommendations are made for the conservation and sustainable use of the ecosystems and their resources.