00. Ocean Decade - Philippines
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.unesco.gov.ph/handle/123456789/7
The UNACOM Online and Digital Enabling Library and Index is developed to support the alignment of research, investments, and community initiatives toward contributing to a well-functioning, productive, resilient, sustainable, and inspiring ocean. The goal is to enable the government, partner agencies, and UNESCO to develop more robust Science-Informed Policies and facilitate a stronger Science-Policy Interface through the gathered data, information, and knowledge related to the Ocean Decade in the Philippines.
Particularly, it aims to:
Particularly, it aims to:
- Gather and index all publications, reports, policies, laws, legislations, articles, and other documents of the Philippine National Committee on Marine Sciences (NCMS) related to the Ocean Decade.
- Disseminate and promote these publications, reports, policies, and other documents on the initiatives and actions to address the Ocean Decade challenges.
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- Petrology and geochemistry of Camiguin Island, southern Philippines: insights to the source of adakites and other lavas in a complex arc settingCastillo, Paterno R.; Janney, Philip E.; Solidum, Renato Jr. U. (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 1999-01-21)Camiguin is a small volcanic island located 12 km north of Mindanao Island in southern Philippines. The island consists of four volcanic centers which have erupted basaltic to rhyolitic calcalkaline lavas during the last ∼400 ka. Major element, trace element and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic data indicate that the volcanic centers have produced a single lava series from a common mantle source. Modeling results indicate that Camiguin lavas were produced by periodic injection of a parental magma into shallow magma chambers allowing assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) processes to take place. The chemical and isotopic composition of Camiguin lavas bears strong resemblance to the majority of lavas from the central Mindanao volcanic field confirming that Camiguin is an extension of the tectonically complex Central Mindanao Arc (CMA). The most likely source of Camiguin and most CMA magmas is the mantle wedge metasomatized by fluids dehydrated from a subducted slab. Some Camiguin high-silica lavas are similar to high-silica lavas from Mindanao, which have been identified as “adakites” derived from direct melting of a subducted basaltic crust. More detailed comparison of Camiguin and Mindanao adakites with silicic slab-derived melts and magnesian andesites from the western Aleutians, southernmost Chile and Batan Island in northern Philippines indicates that the Mindanao adakites are not pure slab melts. Rather, the CMA adakites are similar to Camiguin high-silica lavas which are products of an AFC process and have negligible connection to melting of subducted basaltic crust.
- Heavy metal fluxes in Bang Pakong River Estuary, Thailand: Sedimentary vs diffusive fluxesCheevaporn, V.; Jacinto, G. S.; San Diego-McGlone, M. L. (Elsevier BV, 1995-04)Estimates of the flux of heavy metals into the sediments (sedimentary flux) of Bang Pakong River Estuary and the diffusive flux of these metals across the sediment-water interface provide quantitative approximations on the movement of heavy metals from the water column into the sediments, and vice versa. Results showed higher sedimentary flux of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni (0.1–16.8 μg cm−2 yr−1) relative to the diffusive flux of these metals (0.01–4.8 μg cm−2 yr−1). The percentage diagenetic contribution (ratio of diffusive flux to sedimentary flux) of these metals ranged from 10–91%. This suggests that diagenetic remobilization and release of these metals from the sediments into the overlying water may contribute to the subsequent redeposition of these metals into the sediments. Metal enrichment at the surface sediments when compared with deeper sections of the sediment may not necessarily be interpreted as evidence of recent natural, anthropogenic inputs alone, but may also be a consequence of the deposition of metals previously released from the sediments through diagenesis.
- Marine environmental problems: Experiences of developing regionsYap, Helen T. (Elsevier BV, 1992-01)The marine environmental problems of developing regions are a particular cause for concern because of the great dependence of their human populations on marine resources for survival, and because a significant portion of the world's natural heritage is threatened. Of the problems, the destruction of shallow-water ecosystems and organic (sewage) pollution are the most prominent. The environmental issues typical for Third World countries are clearly related to their socioeconomic conditions, so that attempts at solutions must possess an adequately broad perspective, i.e. they must consider all relevant aspects of a problem. There is also a great need to strengthen the capabilities of developing nations to care for their own environment.
- Water quality bioassays in two Bermudan harbours using the ciliate Euplotes vannus, in relation to tributyltin distributionSlabbing, A. R. D.; Soria, S.; Burt, G. R.; Cleary, J. J. (Elsevier, 1990-01)Laboratory cultures of the ciliate Euplotes vannus were used to bioassay water samples taken from the sea surface, 0.5 m and near bottom at stations along contamination gradients in Castle Harbour and Hamilton Harbour on Bermuda. Inhibition of population growth rate was used as an index of exposure to toxic contaminants. Significant differences in growth rates from near-bottom water samples taken at two stations in Castle Harbour were reflected in differing sediment concentrations of metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Bioassays of four Hamilton Harbour samples indicated significant differences between control and contaminated sites when results from all three depths were pooled. Highest concentrations of tributyltin (⩽ 307 ng TBT·1−1) occurred in the surface microlayer, though measurements varied widely on the two sampling occasions. At 0.5 m, concentrations were much less variable and showed a steady decline from the head of Hamilton Harbour (41 ng TBT· 1−1) seawards to the control site (0.9 ng TBT · 1−1). While these concentrations are high enough to be toxic to some species, it is known from experimental work that TBT alone could not have accounted for the depression of ciliate growth rates in these bioassays.
- Preliminary study of the redistribution and transformation of HgS from cinnabar mine tailings deposited in Honda Bay, Palawan, PhilippinesBenoit, Gaboury; Schwantes, Jon M.; Jacinto, Gil S.; Goud-Collins, Margaret R. (Elsevier, 1994-12)Mining operations in Palawan, Philippines, resulted in cinnabar (HgS) mine tailings being used to build a 600 m long peninsula in Honda Bay. Samples collected from the peninsula as well as sediments from the surrounding waters had elevated mercury levels as high as 570 ppm. Natural processes are transporting mercury as much as 10 km from the peninsula, mainly in a coastwise direction, and preferentially associated with fine-grained, organic-rich sediments. Depth of penetration into sediments exceeds 10 cm near the source. As the HgS is transported away from the peninsula, it is rapidly altered to more bioavailable forms; 50% conversion occurs within a distance of only 10–40 m.
- Nutrient mediated stress on the marine communities of a coastal lagoon (Puerto Galera, Philippines)San Diego-McGlone, M.L.; Villanoy, C.L.; Aliño, P.M. (Elsevier, 1995-04)Puerto Galera Bay is a coastal lagoon with a variety of marine habitats and high species diversity. It is an area in the Phillippines where the growing influence of human activities is affecting the quality of its marine resources. This study examined the distribution and behaviour of nutrients and the physical hydrography of Puerto Galera Bay and determined how its physico-chemical nature affected the condition of biotic components in the bay. The relative importance of the nitrogen and phosphorus signals were used as indicators to implicate the influence of sewage and run-off into the bay. A nutrient pool accumulated in the bay as a result of low flushing rates. The interaction of hydrodynamic forcing with the biota have implications on the phytoplankton production and coral communities in the area.