00. Ocean Decade - Philippines
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.unesco.gov.ph/handle/123456789/7
The UNACOM Online and Digital Enabling Library and Index is developed to support the alignment of research, investments, and community initiatives toward contributing to a well-functioning, productive, resilient, sustainable, and inspiring ocean. The goal is to enable the government, partner agencies, and UNESCO to develop more robust Science-Informed Policies and facilitate a stronger Science-Policy Interface through the gathered data, information, and knowledge related to the Ocean Decade in the Philippines.
Particularly, it aims to:
Particularly, it aims to:
- Gather and index all publications, reports, policies, laws, legislations, articles, and other documents of the Philippine National Committee on Marine Sciences (NCMS) related to the Ocean Decade.
- Disseminate and promote these publications, reports, policies, and other documents on the initiatives and actions to address the Ocean Decade challenges.
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- Growth, nitrate uptake kinetics, and biofiltration potential of eucheumatoids with different thallus morphologiesNarvarte, Bienson Ceasar V.; Genovia, Tom Gerald T.; Hinaloc, Lourie Ann R.; Roleda, Michael Y. (Wiley, 2021-12-30)The declining production of commercially important eucheumatoids related to serious problems like increasing susceptibility to ice‐ice disease and epiphytism may be ameliorated by nutrition. This ushered to an increasing interest in incorporating seaweeds into an integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) setup to take up excess inorganic nutrients produced by fish farms for their nourishment. In this regard, it is important to understand the nutrient uptake capacity of candidate seaweeds for incorporation in an IMTA system. Here, we examined the growth, nitrate (NO3‐) uptake kinetics and biofiltration potential of Eucheuma denticulatum and three strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii (G‐O2, TR‐C16 and SW‐13) with distinct thallus morphologies. The NO3‐ uptake rates of the samples were determined under a range of NO3‐ concentration (1‐ 48 µM) and uptake rates were fitted to the Michaelis‐Menten saturation equation. Among the examined eucheumatoids, only SW‐13 had a linear response to NO3‐ concentration while other strains had uptake rates that followed the Michaelis‐Menten saturation equation. Eucheuma denticulatum had the lowest Km (9.78 ± 1.48 µM) while G‐O2 had the highest Vmax (307 ± 79.3 µmol · g‐1 · min‐1). The efficiency in NO3‐ uptake (highest Vmax/Km and α) was translated into the highest growth rate (3.41± 0.58 % · d‐1) measured in E. denticulatum. Our study provided evidence that eucheumatoids could potentially take up large amount of NO3‐ and fix CO2 when cultivated proximate to a fish farm as one component of an IMTA system. During a 45‐d cultivation period of eucheumatoids, as much as 370 g NO3‐ can be sequestered by every 1 kg initial biomass E. denticulatum growing at 3% · d‐1. Furthermore, based on our unpublished photosynthetic measurements, the congeneric K. striatus can fix 27.5 g C · kg‐1 DW during a 12‐h daylight period.
- Vulnerability drivers for small pelagics and milkfish aquaculture value chain determined through online participatory approachMacusi, Edison D.; Geronimo, Rollan C.; Santos, Mudjekeewis D. (Elsevier, 2021-11)Climate change impacts on the fisheries can be short-term or long-term, making them highly vulnerable. Fishers' vulnerability encompasses several factors and includes, among others, their sensitivity, exposure to the elements, and their adaptive capacity. The main aim of this study was to help develop a vulnerability assessment tool that can be applied in the various nodes of the fisheries and aquaculture value chains with a long-term view of enhancing the resilience of the fisheries and helping increase the adaptive capacity of the fishing communities. A participatory technique using online workshops was conducted together with various stakeholders (N = 214) who gave insights and suggested indicators that drive climate change impacts and vulnerability. Based on the online workshops conducted, the common hazards/drivers were increasing temperature, typhoons, flooding (sea-level rise), and the recent pandemic, which consequently destroy coral reef ecosystems, affect fisheries yield, increases fish mortality, damage boats, fishing gears, pens, cages, pond dikes, erode beach properties, and devastate houses. In association with these impacts, mobility, travel, processing, and logistic operations are severely reduced. In the human dimension, the fishers and fish farmers are directly affected in terms of income loss, destroyed fishing gears, nutritional deficiencies and health impacts, less fishing operations, early or reduced harvest yield, and low market value of products. In the adaptation options, the infrastructure, social, economic, awareness/knowledge, and relevant governance/policy dimensions are needed to address and help mitigate various climate change impacts.
- Sargassum sp. juice as an early juvenile supplemental feed for Stichopus cf. horrensIbañez, Glaiza; Cabanayan-Soy, Rona; Baure, Jerwin; Juinio-Meñez, Marie Antonette (Springer, 2022-09-28)The development of an efficient and low-cost feed is important to reduce the production and maintenance costs of microalgae. In this study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using Sargassum sp. juice (SARG) to boost the growth and survival of post-settled Stichopus cf. horrens juveniles. Experiment 1 tested whether SARG improves growth compared with live microalgae diets, Chaetoceros calcitrans (Cc), combined Cc and Navicula ramosissima (Nr), and an unfed treatment. Experiment 2 determined the best SARG concentration—high feeding regime (HFR; 1 mL ind−1), medium (MFR; 0.5 mL ind−1), or low (LFR; 0.25 ml ind−1), relative to live microalgae Chaetoceros muelleri (CM). Juveniles in both experiments were reared for 30 days. In Experiment 1, the average daily growth rate (DGRL) of juveniles in SARG (0.04 ± 0.01 cm d−1) was the highest although not significantly different from Cc and Cc + Nr, but was significantly higher than the control. In Experiment 2, DGRL at day 14 in HFR (− 0.02 ± 0.02 cm d−1) was significantly lower than LFR (0.01 ± 0.01 cm d−1) and MFR (0.02 ± 0.02 cm d−1). Survival was higher in all SARG treatments compared with CM, while a significant decrease in feeding activity was observed in HFR by day 30. Results indicate that concentrations of 0.25–0.5 mL SARG per juvenile can boost growth and be an alternate diet for post-settled juveniles during early rearing. However, SARG alone is not sufficient to maintain growth beyond 3 weeks. With SARG feed supplementation and water quality management, the scaling-up of juvenile production of this emergent culture species can be accelerated.Our sincere gratitude to Mr. Tirso Catbagan and Mr. Garry Bucol for their assistance in the set-up of the experiments. We also thank Ms. Rose Angeli Rioja and Ms. JayR Gorospe for providing inputs to improve this paper. We also thank the Sea cucumber Research Team and the staff of the University of the Philippines—Marine Science Institute, Bolinao Marine Laboratory for their support and assistance during the conduct of the study.
- 17-year change in species composition of mixed seagrass beds around Santiago Island, Bolinao, the northwestern PhilippinesTanaka, Yoshiyuki; Go, Gay Amabelle; Watanabe, Atsushi; Miyajima, Toshihiro; Nakaoka, Masahiro; Uy, Wilfredo H.; Nadaoka, Kazuo; Watanabe, Shuichi; Fortes, Miguel D. (Elsevier, 2014)Effects of fish culture can alter the adjacent ecosystems. This study compared seagrass species compositions in 2012 with those in 1995, when fish culture was less intensive compared to 2012 in the region. Observations were conducted at the same four sites around Santiago Island, Bolinao: (1) Silaqui Island, (2) Binaballian Loob, (3) Pislatan and (4) Santa Barbara, and by using the same methods as those of Bach et al. (1998). These sites were originally selected along a siltation gradient, ranging from Site 1, the most pristine, to Site 4, a heavily silted site. By 2012, fish culture had expanded around Sites 2, 3 and 4, where chlorophyll a (Chl a) was greater in 2012 than in 1995 by one order of magnitude. Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea serrulata, which were recorded in 1995, were no longer present at Site 4, where both siltation and nutrient load are heavy.