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National Committee on Marine Sciences (NCMS)

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SDG: search.filters.sdg.SDG 3 - Good health and well-beingUNESCO Keyword: search.filters.subject.Molecular biology

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    Total polyphenol content of tropical marine and coastal flora: Potentials for food and nutraceutical applications
    Narvarte, Bienson Ceasar V.; Genovia, Tom Gerald T.; Hinaloc, Lourie Ann R.; Gonzaga, Shienna Mae C.; Tabonda-Nabor, April Mae; Palecpec, Flora Maye R.; Dayao, Helen M.; Roleda, Michael Y. (Springer, 2023-07-08)
    The marine environment is abundant in natural products that are beneficial to humans. Among these compounds are the polyphenols produced by marine flora as secondary metabolites and used as a defense against stressful environmental conditions. Accordingly, recent pharmacological and biomedical studies showed that polyphenols from marine and coastal floras have several important bioactivities including antioxidant property. In this study, we measured the total polyphenol content (TPC) of 75 species of marine-associated flora. The TPC of their methanolic extracts was measured spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and was expressed both as mg phloroglucinol equivalent per g of dry weight (mg PGE g−1 DW) and as mg gallic acid equivalent per g dry weight (mg GAE g−1 DW). The TPC values are higher when expressed in terms of GAE compared to PGE. Also, the mean TPC of tracheopytes (229 ± 43.0 mg PGE g−1 DW) was higher compared to the mean TPC of macroalgae (69.4 ± 9.59 mg PGE g−1 DW). For macroalgae, ochrophytes (97.9 ± 22.7 mg PGE g−1 DW) had the highest mean TPC followed by chlorophytes (80.0 ± 20.5 mg PGE g−1 DW) and rhodophytes (49.5 ± 8.60 mg PGE g−1 DW). Moreover, our study also showed that TPC varied between young and mature tissues, among different color morphotypes and different parts of the plants. Although the concentrations of total polyphenols varied among species, ages, strains and parts of the plant, our study showed that marine and coastal floras are rich sources of polyphenols that could be further examined for their biological activities and other applications in food industry.
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    Diversity and novelty of venom peptides from Conus (Asprella) rolani revealed by analysis of its venom duct transcriptome
    Taguchi, Ryoichi; Masacupan, Dan Jethro; Lluisma, Arturo (Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering, 2024-04-22)
    Conus species in the sub-genus Asprella are poorly studied because they inhabit deep-water habitats. To date, only a few peptides have been characterized from this clade. In this study, the venom duct transcriptome of a member of this clade, Conus rolani, was mined for potential conopeptides. Using a highthroughput RNA sequencing platform (Illumina) and a multiple k-mer de novo assembly, we found 103 putative conopeptide precursor amino acid sequences, including the few peptides previously reported for this species. The sequences, predominantly novel based on amino acid sequence, were diverse, comprising 36 gene superfamilies (including the “unassigned” superfamilies). As observed in other Conus species, the O1 gene superfamily was the most diverse (12 distinct sequences) but interestingly none of the sequences were found to contain the conserved amino acids associated with certain bioactivities in peptides found in piscivorous Conus species. The O2 superfamily was also highly diverse but conikot-ikot and an unassigned superfamily (MMSRMG) were more diverse than the rest of the superfamilies. In terms of gene expression levels, the understudied MEFRR paralog of the ancestral divergent M---L-LTVA superfamily was found to be the most highly expressed in the transcriptome, suggesting a novel role. Additionally, a conopeptide with high sequence similarity to A2 secretory group XII phospholipases is the first reported member of this phospholipase group in Conus and potentially represents a novel superfamily, expanding the catalog of known phospholipases present in cone snail venoms. The discovery of these putative conopeptides provides the first but early glimpse of the diversity and novelty of the peptides in the Asprella group and sets the stage for their functional characterization.