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National Committee on Marine Sciences (NCMS)

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    Clay mineral nanostructures regulate sequestration of organic carbon in typical fluvial sediments
    Song, Hongzhe; Liu, Zhifei; Lin, Baozhi; Zhao, Yulong; Siringan, Fernando P.; You, Chen-Feng (Elsevier, 2024-02-15)
    The association between clay minerals and organic carbon is pivotal for understanding transport, burial, and preservation processes of sedimentary organic carbon. However, fine-scale microscopic studies are still limited in assessing the effect of diverse clay mineral structures and properties on organic carbon sequestration. In this study, we employed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses to investigate the nanoscale interaction between clay minerals and organic carbon of two typical fluvial sediment samples with contrasting clay mineral compositions and organic carbon origins. Sample from Taiwan shows abundant illite and chlorite with petrogenic organic carbon, while sample from Luzon has significant smectite with pedogenic organic carbon. We observed that the nanostructure of the clay minerals controls the distribution of organic carbon. In the Luzon sample, the organic carbon is tightly associated with smectite, occupying expandable interlayer spaces. In the Taiwan sample, however, the organic carbon is primarily confined on the surface and edge of illite. These findings offer valuable insights into the selective association of organic carbon with clay minerals and underscore the role of clay mineral nanolayer structures in governing the occurrence and preservation of organic carbon in sediments. A comprehensive understanding of these interactions is crucial for accurate assessments of carbon cycling and sequestration in the natural environment.
    We sincerely thank Shunai Che and Lu Han for their help in TEM experiments and data processing. We thank Editor Dr. Andrew Hursthouse for handling the manuscript and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the early version of this paper. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42130407, 42188102, 42306066) and the Interdisciplinary Project of Tongji University (ZD-22-202102).
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    Philippine security council wants fishery report on cyanide use in S. China Sea
    Atienza, Kyle Aristophere; Ordoñez, John Victor (BusinessWorld Publishing Corporation, 2024-02-20)
    The Philippines is keen on coming up soon with its complete report on the alleged use of cyanide by Chinese fishermen encroaching Scarborough Shoal, locally known as Bajo de Masinloc. On Monday, National Security Council (NSC) Spokesman Jonathan Malaya told a news briefing that the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) has been ordered to finish its post-mission reports and submit all the evidence it has gathered to the country’s West Philippine Sea task force. “We at the National Security Council are alarmed by this development that is happening, but we have to be careful also, so we have to validate and investigate [the use of cyanide by Chinese fishermen].”
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    Rice and fish
    Chanco, Boo (Philippine Star Printing Co., Inc., 2022-11-16)
    There was this story of a school girl whose baon every school day was a cup of rice sprinkled with patis or fish sauce. That was all her parents could afford, the story on social media said. The basic Filipino diet is rice and fish. Fish and fish products provide the bulk of protein for more than half of all Filipinos when they eat. Galunggong or scad was the poor man’s fish when I was growing up. But today, the poor can no longer afford galunggong. It is now imported.
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    Fisheries to acquire 100 new patrol boats
    (Philippine Manila Standard Publishing, Inc., 2015-06-23)
    The Philippines is buying nearly 100 new patrol boats to protect its fisheries, an official said Monday, in a substantial expansion from its current fleet of 20 as it responds to poaching by Chinese and Taiwanese vessels. Most of the ordered vessels -- 71 short-range boats for coastal patrols and 27 able to go further out to sea -- will be delivered this year, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources chief Asis Perez said. Tensions have been rising in recent years due to China’s more muscular approach to enforcing its claim to most of the South China Sea, even up to the coasts of its neighbours including the Philippines.