National Committee on Marine Sciences (NCMS)
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- In Silico supported nontarget analysis of contaminants of emerging concern: Increasing confidence in unknown identification in wastewater and surface watersAngeles, Luisa F.; Halwatura, Lahiruni M.; Antle, Jonathan P.; Simpson, Scott; Jaraula, Caroline M.B.; Aga, Diana S. (American Chemical Society, 2021-08-01)Nontarget analysis using liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) is a valuable approach in characterizing for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in the environment. In this study, wastewater and surface water samples from three locations in Manila, Philippines were analyzed for CECs using a nontarget analysis approach with an LC-Orbitrap. A previously optimized semiautomated workflow was used for data processing with Compound Discoverer. A total of 157 compounds were identified, with 21 confirmed with reference standards, 83 confirmed with evidence from a mass spectral library (mzCloud), and 53 tentatively identified using in silico fragmentation (MetFrag). These compounds include pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics, antifungal, and antihypertensive compounds, human metabolites, natural products, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. Compounds confirmed with reference standards include antibiotics ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, acetyl-sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim (2 to 19 ng/L), and antifungal compounds carbendazim and climbazole (3–47 ng/L). The pesticides diethyltoluamide (DEET) and diuron were also detected (37 ng/L). The utility of a preliminary multivariable linear regression quality structure-retention relationship (QSRR) model based on quantum chemical molecular descriptors is demonstrated. This study demonstrates the importance of using tools and software that are helpful for annotating HRMS data and reporting detections according to a standardized classification system. The detection of several CECs in wastewater and surface water samples show the importance of performing nontarget analysis in determining occurrence of CECs in the environment.We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation PIRE-HEARD award number 1545756 and USAID PEER subaward number 2000009924. S.S. thanks the National Science Foundation (Award #1904825) for support of this research, and the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (PRF-58954-UNI5). We also thank Shyrill Mae Mariano from the Marine Science Institute in the University of the Philippines − Diliman who helped with the sample collection and Rebecca Dickman from University at Buffalo for her help on technical work.
- Growth, nitrate uptake kinetics, and biofiltration potential of eucheumatoids with different thallus morphologiesNarvarte, Bienson Ceasar V.; Genovia, Tom Gerald T.; Hinaloc, Lourie Ann R.; Roleda, Michael Y. (Wiley, 2021-12-30)The declining production of commercially important eucheumatoids related to serious problems like increasing susceptibility to ice‐ice disease and epiphytism may be ameliorated by nutrition. This ushered to an increasing interest in incorporating seaweeds into an integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) setup to take up excess inorganic nutrients produced by fish farms for their nourishment. In this regard, it is important to understand the nutrient uptake capacity of candidate seaweeds for incorporation in an IMTA system. Here, we examined the growth, nitrate (NO3‐) uptake kinetics and biofiltration potential of Eucheuma denticulatum and three strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii (G‐O2, TR‐C16 and SW‐13) with distinct thallus morphologies. The NO3‐ uptake rates of the samples were determined under a range of NO3‐ concentration (1‐ 48 µM) and uptake rates were fitted to the Michaelis‐Menten saturation equation. Among the examined eucheumatoids, only SW‐13 had a linear response to NO3‐ concentration while other strains had uptake rates that followed the Michaelis‐Menten saturation equation. Eucheuma denticulatum had the lowest Km (9.78 ± 1.48 µM) while G‐O2 had the highest Vmax (307 ± 79.3 µmol · g‐1 · min‐1). The efficiency in NO3‐ uptake (highest Vmax/Km and α) was translated into the highest growth rate (3.41± 0.58 % · d‐1) measured in E. denticulatum. Our study provided evidence that eucheumatoids could potentially take up large amount of NO3‐ and fix CO2 when cultivated proximate to a fish farm as one component of an IMTA system. During a 45‐d cultivation period of eucheumatoids, as much as 370 g NO3‐ can be sequestered by every 1 kg initial biomass E. denticulatum growing at 3% · d‐1. Furthermore, based on our unpublished photosynthetic measurements, the congeneric K. striatus can fix 27.5 g C · kg‐1 DW during a 12‐h daylight period.
- Water quality bioassays in two Bermudan harbours using the ciliate Euplotes vannus, in relation to tributyltin distributionSlabbing, A. R. D.; Soria, S.; Burt, G. R.; Cleary, J. J. (Elsevier, 1990-01)Laboratory cultures of the ciliate Euplotes vannus were used to bioassay water samples taken from the sea surface, 0.5 m and near bottom at stations along contamination gradients in Castle Harbour and Hamilton Harbour on Bermuda. Inhibition of population growth rate was used as an index of exposure to toxic contaminants. Significant differences in growth rates from near-bottom water samples taken at two stations in Castle Harbour were reflected in differing sediment concentrations of metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Bioassays of four Hamilton Harbour samples indicated significant differences between control and contaminated sites when results from all three depths were pooled. Highest concentrations of tributyltin (⩽ 307 ng TBT·1−1) occurred in the surface microlayer, though measurements varied widely on the two sampling occasions. At 0.5 m, concentrations were much less variable and showed a steady decline from the head of Hamilton Harbour (41 ng TBT· 1−1) seawards to the control site (0.9 ng TBT · 1−1). While these concentrations are high enough to be toxic to some species, it is known from experimental work that TBT alone could not have accounted for the depression of ciliate growth rates in these bioassays.
- Phosphorus as a driver of nitrogen limitation and sustained eutrophic conditions in Bolinao and Anda, Philippines, a mariculture-impacted tropical coastal areaFerrera, Charissa M.; Watanabe, Atsushi; Miyajima, Toshihiro; San Diego-McGlone, Maria Lourdes; Morimoto, Naoko; Umezawa, Yu; Herrera, Eugene; Tsuchiya, Takumi; Yoshikai, Masaya; Nadaoka, Kazuo (Elsevier, 2016)The dynamics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was studied in mariculture areas around Bolinao and Anda, Philippines to examine its possible link to recurring algal blooms, hypoxia and fish kills. They occur despite regulation on number of fish farm structures in Bolinao to improve water quality after 2002, following a massive fish kill in the area. Based on spatiotemporal surveys, coastal waters remained eutrophic a decade after imposing regulation, primarily due to decomposition of uneaten and undigested feeds, and fish excretions. Relative to Redfield ratio (16), these materials are enriched in P, resulting in low N/P ratios (~ 6.6) of regenerated nutrients. Dissolved inorganic P (DIP) in the water reached 4 μM during the dry season, likely exacerbated by increase in fish farm structures in Anda. DIP enrichment created an N-limited condition that is highly susceptible to sporadic algal blooms whenever N is supplied from freshwater during the wet season.
- Oil spill detected in Manila BaySantos, Pat C. (Concept & Information Group, Inc., 2021-04-27)The Manila Department of Public Services (MDPS) called the attention of authorities regarding an oil spill in Manila Bay last Saturday. Kenneth Amurao, MDPS chief, reported to Manila Mayor Isko Moreno Domagoso over the weekend the findings of Team Mandaragat, the unit tasked to clean the bay. In the report, Amurao said while they were cleaning the bay area last Saturday, 24 April, they observed the presence of oil in the water and noticed a yellow stain on the seawall near the Manila Yacht Club.
- Puerto Galera: Shoring up tourism, marine ecosystemSupetran, Bernard L. (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc., 2019-06-07)For centuries, the bucolic town of Puerto Galera in Oriental Mindoro has been one of the archipelago’s proverbial best-kept secrets, with its lush forests, powdery beaches and rich underwater world. Literally meaning “port of galleons” in Spanish, Puerto Galera then hosted ships that would drop anchor on its coves for shelter before proceeding to its Manila-Acapulco route. The world would hear first of its allure in 1973, when it was declared by the Unesco as a Man and Biosphere Reserve, a prestigious global list of places known for their exceptional biodiversity. Another accolade came in 2005 when it was inducted into the Most Beautiful Bays of the World Club, a 27-nation Paris-based non-government organization. With its remarkable profusion of aquatic life, Puerto Galera would be named by conservationists as the “center of the center” of marine biodiversity with its strategic location in the heart of the world’s “Coral Triangle” in Southeast Asia.
- Mati bays wow visiting Int'l Bay Watch ClubLacorte, Germalina (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc., 2020-01-12)Not only Pujada Bay but also the nearby Balete and Mayo Bays have wowed the validators of the Club of the Most Beautiful Bays of the World because of their pristine waters and biodiversity. “We visited the bays in the (last) four days and we were very surprised to see how clean the bays are,” said Guy Ettiene Rousset, treasurer of the Most Beautiful Bays of the World Organization (MBBWO) and one of the validators. “We were very, very surprised.” “We were surprised by what we discovered here in Davao Oriental province,” said Bruno Bodard, MBBWO founder. “It is much more beautiful and clean than we expected.”
- Taal fish feeding resumes as water quality improvesSimeon, Louise Maureen (Philippine Star Printing Co., Inc., 2019-02-09)Fish cage operators can now resume feeding their fish stocks in Taal Lake after tests showed improvements in the quality of water. Agriculture Secretary William Dar said tests conducted by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) from Jan. 14 to 30 revealed that the level of dissolved oxygen in Taal Lake, which is essential to fish growth and survival, had already improved. BFAR Calabarzon director Sammy Malvas said Taal water quality tests also showed that the sulfide level is within normal.
- Duterte creates Manila Bay Task ForceGeducos, Argyll B.; Unite, Betheena (Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation, 2019-02-22)President Duterte has ordered the creation of the Manila Bay Task Force that will expedite the rehabilitation, restoration, and conservation of the coastal and marine ecosystem of the Manila Bay. In Administrative Order No. 16 signed by Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea on February 19, the secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) was designated as chair of the Task Force. The secretaries of the Interior (DILG) and Tourism (DOT) departments will serve as vice-chairpersons. The DENR is tasked to strictly enforce the Philippine Clean Water Act on the conduct of containment, removal, and clean operations, and the exercise of supervision and control on all aspects of water quality management.
- Fast-maturing shellfish pushed for commercial productionPortillo, R. J. R. (BusinessWorld Publishing Corporation, 2013-03-07)The Government is developing a culture technology for commercial production of a fast-maturing species of oyster, known locally as tikod amo. "The Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU) and the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) have been working on the culture technology of tikod amo," BAR said in a recent statement. Belonging to genus Spondylus, tikod amo sold to hotels and restaurants fetch ₱350-₱400 per kilogram.