National Committee on Marine Sciences (NCMS)
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.unesco.gov.ph/handle/123456789/6
Browse
8 results
Filters
Settings
Search Results
- Characteristics of marine heatwaves in the PhilippinesEdullantes, Brisneve; Concolis, Brenna Mei M.; Quilestino-Olario, Raven; Atup, Dale Patrick D.; Cortes, Aiza; Yñiguez, Aletta T. (Elsevier, 2023-09)Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged, discrete, and anomalously warm events, which have recently gained global attention due to their far-reaching effects and reported impacts. Although intensive studies have been carried out at global and regional scales, these events remained understudied in the Philippines – a country with high marine biodiversity. The Philippines is highly vulnerable to the impacts of these extreme events as it lies in the western boundary of the Pacific that is considered as a hotspot for MHWs. The present study used multi-year climatic sea surface temperature (SST) record to detect MHWs in the Philippines. The detected events were then characterized using the standardized metrics. Linear trend analysis was conducted to determine the magnitude and direction of the change of the MHW metrics over time. Decadal trend revealed that MHWs in the Philippines significantly increased from seven MHWs in the 1980s to 37 MHWs in the last decade. Moreover, increased duration was remarkable in 2020 with 276 MHW days. MHW frequency and duration were increasing at a rate almost twice as its neighboring waters. Intensities did not significantly increase with time, but the highest SST anomaly is associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation. Furthermore, the eastern and western region of the Philippines is vulnerable to MHWs, but hotspots are mostly confined in the West Philippine Sea and western tropical Pacific. An in-depth investigation of the drivers of MHWs is recommended to understand the physical mechanisms of the development of these extreme thermal events in the Philippine seas. The findings have significant implications for coastal marine resource management, highlighting the need for adaptive management strategies and increased monitoring and research efforts to mitigate the impacts of MHWs on marine ecosystems and local economies in the Philippines.
- Effects of monsoons and storms on the structuring and diversity of picoeukaryotic microbial communities in a tropical coastal environmentDe La Cruz, Maria Anna Michaela; Hingpit, Brian William; Guillou, Laure; Onda, Deo Florence L. (Elsevier, 2023-06)Picoeukaryotes are key components in marine ecosystems that play crucial roles in food webs and biogeochemical cycles. Despite their significance, many aspects of their community ecology and diversity remain understudied. Here, we investigated the taxonomic and functional diversity of picoeukaryotic communities in response to monsoonal patterns and weather disturbances brought about by storms, characterizing tropical coastal regions. To do this, water samples were collected almost weekly or bi-weekly at a single location in a tropical coastal environment covering the late northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) monsoons. We then performed high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene to generate taxonomic profiles of the communities across time. Clustering based on environmental parameters grouped our samples into months associated with NE monsoon, SW monsoon, and stormy SW monsoon, demonstrating seasonality influenced by monsoons and storms, typically observed in tropical coastal waters. In comparison, clustering based on abundance only grouped the samples into NE and SW monsoon, with most communities during storm period joining the NE monsoon samples. These samples exhibited greater diversity, with smaller taxa such as Syndiniales, Prymnesiophyceae, Picozoa, Cercozoa, Stramenopiles, and Chlorophytes being the most abundant groups present. In contrast, SW monsoon samples have lower diversity but have become generally dominated by large-celled taxa, mostly diatoms. Multivariate and correlation analyses both revealed nitrate as the strongest environmental driver of the picoeukaryotic community structuring. Meanwhile, network analysis grouped the taxa into three modules, more consistent with the clustering based on environmental parameters, implying that although storms may not significantly change the community composition, they may however influence the dominating taxa. Each module was composed of a unique set of co-occurring taxa, highlighting high turnover of picoeukaryotic communities between each season. In addition, our results showed that SW monsoon-associated module had higher interconnectivity than other modules, suggesting that the interactions during this period may be less species-specific, thus, more adaptable than during NE monsoon. However, we observed that extreme fluctuations caused by storms could have possibly allowed for selection of dominant taxa. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of representative samples from each monsoon period also revealed that differently abundant functional genes, particularly genes associated to nitrogen metabolism, might have also helped in adaptation to the changing nutrient conditions. Our observations provide new insights on the potential trajectory of microbial communities under environmental stresses, which are important in understanding the implications of emerging threats such as coastal eutrophication and climate change.
- Phosphorus as a driver of nitrogen limitation and sustained eutrophic conditions in Bolinao and Anda, Philippines, a mariculture-impacted tropical coastal areaFerrera, Charissa M.; Watanabe, Atsushi; Miyajima, Toshihiro; San Diego-McGlone, Maria Lourdes; Morimoto, Naoko; Umezawa, Yu; Herrera, Eugene; Tsuchiya, Takumi; Yoshikai, Masaya; Nadaoka, Kazuo (Elsevier, 2016)The dynamics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was studied in mariculture areas around Bolinao and Anda, Philippines to examine its possible link to recurring algal blooms, hypoxia and fish kills. They occur despite regulation on number of fish farm structures in Bolinao to improve water quality after 2002, following a massive fish kill in the area. Based on spatiotemporal surveys, coastal waters remained eutrophic a decade after imposing regulation, primarily due to decomposition of uneaten and undigested feeds, and fish excretions. Relative to Redfield ratio (16), these materials are enriched in P, resulting in low N/P ratios (~ 6.6) of regenerated nutrients. Dissolved inorganic P (DIP) in the water reached 4 μM during the dry season, likely exacerbated by increase in fish farm structures in Anda. DIP enrichment created an N-limited condition that is highly susceptible to sporadic algal blooms whenever N is supplied from freshwater during the wet season.
- Fish catch down 70%Cariaso, Bella; Macairan, Evelyn; Felipe, Cecille Suerte; Lee-Brago, Pia (Philippine Star Printing Co., Inc., 2023-09-19)Fish catch in the West Philippine Sea has gone down by 70 percent since 2020, and further decline is expected amid reports of massive poaching of corals by the Chinese, a militant fishers’ group warned yesterday. Pambansang Lakas ng Kilusang Mamamalakaya ng Pilipinas (Pamalakaya) national chairman Fernando Hicap raised the warning in a radio interview, in the wake of reports of plunder of corals in Rozul Reef, believed perpetrated by the Chinese. Corals are breeding grounds for marine life. Reports from fisherfolk – particularly from Zambales – have indicated 70 percent decline in fish catch “amid the illegal activities of Chinese fishing vessels,” Hicap said.
- Groups seek deeper probe into Manila Bay's beach nourishment' initiativeMayuga, Jonathan L. (Philippine Business Daily Mirror Publishing, Inc., 2020-09-08)At least 10 environmental and cause-oriented groups on Wednesday called for an investigation into the controversial “beach nourishment” project at a portion of Manila Bay’s shoreline. The call for the probe was contained in a position paper sent to Environment Secretary Roy A. Cimatu, Agriculture Secretary William Dar, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Director Eduardo Gongona, and the Senate and House of Representatives, in the exercise of their oversight powers and the Office of the Ombudsman. The group also prodded Manila Mayor Francisco Domagoso, Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Manila and Chairman Rene Escalante of the National Historical Commission (NHC) to investigate the violations committed by the proponents of the project.
- Mangrove park outside of planned Bulacan airportOrejas, Tonette (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc., 2019-08-24)A mangrove park that was rehabilitated by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in a town in Bulacan province is far from the proposed 2,500-hectare New Manila International Airport project of San Miguel Holdings Corp. (SMHC). Bulakan town’s Mangrove Ecopark is 277 meters away from the proposed SMHC aerotropolis and will not be affected by its construction, according to a certification issued on July 22 by Emelita Lingat, Bulacan provincial environment and natural resources officer. Bulakan residents have been concerned about the ecopark at Sitio Wawang Capiz in Barangay Taliptip, which is north of the planned P734-billion international gateway.
- Balloons, sky lanterns harm the environmentGamboa-Amante, Kitty (The Manila Times Publishing Corporation, 2019-01-10)The spectacle of the symbolic releasing of balloons and night sky lanterns is, without a doubt, a beautiful sight to behold and has become increasingly popular at festivals, weddings and other celebrations across the world. For Filipinos, the event is oftentimes symbolic and can even be observed in occasions such as burials. But after traveling for long distances and falling to the ground or waters, the burn-out and plastic remnants from the lanterns and balloons may not only litter the earth and seas, but can also hurt livestock and marine animals.
- Reef Alert(Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc., 2016-10-09)There is no way attention will be directed at the crying urgency of protecting the coral reefs unless we belabor the issue and repeat ourselves. At the rate coral reefs are being destroyed by human activity or damaged by bleaching due to global warming, it won’t be long before these “colorful gardens under the sea where marine life thrives” die off, never to be appreciated by future generations. Indeed, though the Philippines is “the richest place on earth” in terms of biodiversity, according to scientist Wilfredo Licuanan, he has warned that because of climate change, “we can lose our corals in a matter of weeks, not years.”