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National Committee on Marine Sciences (NCMS)

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    Anti-inflammatory activity of monosubstituted xestoquinone analogues from the marine sponge Neopetrosia compacta
    Susana, Shalice R.; Salvador-Reyes, Lilibeth A. (MDPI, 2022-03-22)
    Chronic inflammation is recognized as a contributor to multiple chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and autoimmune disorders. Here, a natural products-initiated discovery of anti-inflammatory agents from marine sponges was undertaken. From the screening of 231 crude extracts, a total of 30 extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity with no direct cytotoxic effects at 50 μg/mL on RAW 264.7 (ATCC®TIB-71™) murine macrophage cells stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioactivity-guided purification of the anti-inflammatory extract from the sponge Neopetrosia compacta led to the isolation of xestoquinone (1), adociaquinone B (2), adociaquinone A (3), 14-hydroxymethylxestoquinone (4), 15-hydroxymethylxestoquinone (5), and an inseparable 2:1 mixture of 14-methoxyxestoquinone and 15-methoxyxestoquinone (6). Compounds 1–6 caused a concentration-dependent reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, with 4–6 having low micromolar IC50 and acceptable selectivity index. Gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR showed that 1, 5, and 6 downregulated Il1b and Nos2 expression by 2.1- to 14.8-fold relative to the solvent control at 10 μM. Xestoquinone (1) and monosubstituted analogues (4–6), but not the disubstituted adociaquinones (2 and 3), caused Nrf2 activation in a luciferase reporter MCF7 stable cells. Compounds 5 and 6 caused a modest increase in Nqo1 gene expression at 10 μM. The anti-inflammatory activity of xestoquinone (1) and monosubstituted analogues (4–6) may, in part, be mediated by Nrf2 activation, leading to attenuation of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and NOS2.
    Samples were collected under gratuitous permit numbers GP-0084-15 and GP-0123-17, issued by the Department of Agriculture of the Philippines. We thank the municipalities of Bolinao, Pangasinan, and Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro for permission for sample collection. We acknowledge assistance from Z. L. Malto and DDHP chemical ecology group in obtaining the mass spectrometric data and sample collection, respectively.
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    PCR test, quarantine for PHL shrimp vs viruses
    (Philippine Business Daily Mirror Publishing, Inc., 2021-06-27)
    Years before returning travelers were required to quarantine or get polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for Covid-19, a research center is rigorously requiring the same for the country’s shrimp to ward off viruses and other pathogens that cause billions of dollars in losses to shrimp farms worldwide. These are being done in a birthing center for tiger shrimp at a seaside town in Iloilo, a news release from the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department (Seafdec/AQD) said. After releasing their eggs, the mother shrimp, called spawners, are tested for the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), monodon baculovirus, infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, yellow head virus, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and the parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei.
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    El Niño seen dampening seaweed, crab production
    Conserva, Louine Hope (BusinessWorld Publishing Corporation, 2015-10-06)
    Production of seaweed and mud crabs is expected to decrease due to the higher temperatures brought about by the prevailing El Niño. Production of seaweed and mud crabs is expected to decrease due to the higher temperatures brought about by the prevailing El Niño. Officials of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) said both seaweed and mud crabs cannot thrive in water temperatures higher than 32 degrees centigrade. “Normal temperature is about 30 degrees centigrade, but right now it has increased to 32. Longer exposure to higher temperature would be damaging (for seaweed),” said Maria Rovilla J. Luhan, SEAFDEC associate scientist and head of the Farming Systems and Ecology Section.