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National Committee on Marine Sciences (NCMS)

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AGROVOC Keyword: search.filters.agrovoc.developing countriesAuthor: search.filters.author.Yap, Helen T.

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    Marine environmental problems: Experiences of developing regions
    Yap, Helen T. (Elsevier BV, 1992-01)
    The marine environmental problems of developing regions are a particular cause for concern because of the great dependence of their human populations on marine resources for survival, and because a significant portion of the world's natural heritage is threatened. Of the problems, the destruction of shallow-water ecosystems and organic (sewage) pollution are the most prominent. The environmental issues typical for Third World countries are clearly related to their socioeconomic conditions, so that attempts at solutions must possess an adequately broad perspective, i.e. they must consider all relevant aspects of a problem. There is also a great need to strengthen the capabilities of developing nations to care for their own environment.
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    Using deep-belief networks to understand propensity for livelihood change in a rural coastal community to further conservation
    Labao, Alfonso B.; Naval, Prospero C. Jr; Yap, David Leonides T.; Yap, Helen T. (Wiley Blackwell, Inc., 2020-08)
    Overharvesting of terrestrial and marine resources may be alleviated by encouraging an alternative configuration of livelihoods, particularly in rural communities in developing countries. Typical occupations in such areas include fishing and farming, and rural households often switch livelihood activities to suit climate and economic conditions. We used a machine-learning tool, deep-belief networks (DBN), and data from surveys of a rural Philippine coastal community to examine household desire to change livelihood. This desire is affected by a variety of factors, such as income, family needs, and feelings of work satisfaction, that are interrelated in complex ways. In farming households, livelihood changes often occur to diversify resources, increase income, and lessen economic risk. The DBN, given its multilayer perceptron structure, has a capacity to model nonlinear relationships among factors while providing an acceptable degree of accuracy. Relative to a set of 34 features (e.g., education, boat ownership, and work satisfaction), we examined the binary response variables desire to change work or not to change work. The best network had a test set accuracy of 97.5%. Among the features, 7 significantly affected desire to shift work: ethnicity, work satisfaction, number of persons in a household in ill health, number of fighting cocks owned, fishing engagement, buy-and-sell revenue, and educational level. A cross-correlation matrix of these 7 features indicated households less inclined to change work were those engaged in fishing and retail buying and selling. For fishing, provision of economic and other incentives should be considered to encourage changing from this occupation to allow recovery of fishery resources.