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National Committee on Marine Sciences (NCMS)

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    Ammonium and phosphate excretion in three common echinoderms from Philippine coral reefs
    Dy, Danilo T.; Yap, Helen T. (Elsevier BV, 2000-08)
    The ammonium and phosphate excretion and oxygen consumption of three species of echinoderms (Tripneustes gratilla, Protoreaster nodosus and Ophiorachna incrassata) commonly encountered in Philippine coral reefs were investigated in relation to time of day (i.e. daytime between 10:00 and 12:00 h vs. nighttime between 22:00 and 24:00 h) and their recent feeding history (i.e. recently-collected vs. short-term starvation for 3±1 days). The experiment used whole organism incubations and followed a nested hierarchical design. Ammonium excretion rates were 1447±310 nmol g−1 DW h−1 (mean±S.E., n=24) for T. gratilla, 361±33 for O. incrassata and 492±38 for P. nodosus. Ammonium excretion differed significantly among species, time of incubation and recent feeding history. Interaction between species and recent feeding history was also significant. The organisms excreted more ammonium during daytime except for starved specimens of O. incrassata. In addition, animals that were starved in the laboratory for a few days had a tendency to excrete more ammonium than recently-collected specimens. Phosphate excretion rates were 25±13 nmol g−1 DW h−1 for T. gratilla, 10±2 for O. incrassata and 4±1 for P. nodosus. There were no significant differences in phosphate excretion among the three species of echinoderms, their recent feeding history and time of day. Oxygen consumption rates were 286±24 μg O2 g−1 DW h−1 for T. gratilla, 64±3 for O. incrassata and 54±3 for P. nodosus. Oxygen consumption differed significantly among species and recent feeding history but differed only slightly with time of incubation. There was a significant correlation between oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion (r=0.48, P=0.018), and between oxygen consumption and phosphate excretion (r=0.41, P=0.047) for T. gratilla. The nutrient excretion by tropical echinoderms is another pathway by which inorganic nutrients are regenerated in coral reef communities. However, the quantity of nutrients excreted is dependent on the species of echinoderms, their nutritional status and time of day.
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    Impacts of aquaculture nutrient sources: ammonium uptake of commercially important eucheumatoids depends on phosphate levels
    Narvarte, Bienson Ceasar V.; Hinaloc, Lourie Ann R.; Gonzaga, Shienna Mae C.; Roleda, Michael Y. (Springer, 2023-09-14)
    In an integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system, seaweeds serve as extractive species that utilize excess nutrients, thereby reducing the risk of eutrophication and promoting sustainable aquaculture. However, the use of excessive fish feeds and the resultant faecal waste as nutrient streams can contribute to variations in nitrogen and phosphorus levels (e.g., primarily NH4+ and PO4−3) in the surrounding area and this may impact the physiology of the integrated seaweeds, particularly on how these species take up inorganic nutrients. In this study, the effect of different PO4−3 levels on NH4+ uptake of the three commercially important eucheumatoids Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatus and Eucheuma denticulatum was examined under laboratory conditions. Seaweed thalli (n = 4) were incubated in seawater media containing 30 µM NH4+, and 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0 or 5.0 µM PO4−3 for 1 h under a saturating light level of 116 ± 7.13 µmol photons m−2 s−1 inside a temperature-controlled laboratory. Species-specific responses to PO4−3 levels were observed. For K. alvarezii, maximum NH4+ uptake (17.8 ± 1.6 µmol gDW−1 h−1) was observed at 0.5 µM PO4−3 and the uptake rate declined at higher PO4−3 levels. For K. striatus, NH4+ uptake increased with increasing PO4−3 levels, with maximum N uptake (6.35 ± 0.9 µmol gDW−1 h−1) observed at 5.0 µM PO4−3. For E. denticulatum, maximum NH4+ uptake (14.6 ± 1.4 µmol gDW−1 h−1) was observed at 1.0 µM PO4−3. Our results suggest that among the three eucheumatoid species, the NH4+ uptake of K. striatus persists even at high levels of PO4−3. However, our results also showed that K. striatus had the lowest range of NH4+ uptake rates. These results should be taken into consideration when incorporating eucheumatoids in the IMTA system, where PO4−3levels significantly vary in space and time.
    This is contribution no. 500 from the Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines (UPMSI), Diliman. The AlgaE Team would like to thank the Bolinao Marine Laboratory (BML) for providing the venue to conduct our experiments. BCV Narvarte and MY Roleda acknowledge the Sea6 Energy Pvt. Ltd. for sponsorship during the 24th International Seaweed Symposium (ISS) held on February 19-24, 2023, at Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Likewise, BCV Narvarte and LAR Hinaloc would like to thank the University of the Philippines- Office of the International Linkages (UP-OIL) for providing them with a travel grant to attend the aforementioned symposium. BCV Narvarte also acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology- Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development (DOST-PCAARRD) for his PhD Scholarship (GREAT- Graduate Research and Education Assistantship for Technology Program).