Long-term effects of induced mineral accretion on growth, survival and corallite properties of <i>Porites cylindrica</i> Dana

Abstract

The mineral accretion technology involves the accumulation of dissolved mineral ions within the vicinity of underwater electrodes and their deposition via electrochemical processes onto the positive electrode forming a natural substrate. Branches of Porites cylindrica were reared under the presence of mineral accretion (treated nubbins), without mineral accretion (untreated), and under undisturbed (control) conditions for 6 months (mineral accretion phase). The electricity for the treated nubbins was cut off after the sixth month, and all remaining nubbins were allowed to grow for another 6 months (post mineral accretion phase). The longitudinal growth rate of the treated nubbins was relatively high during the mineral accretion phase then dropped during the post mineral accretion phase. Statistical analysis revealed longitudinal growth to be significant over time, but the significant differences between treatments lay only between the first until the second bi-monthly period (from January to May 2000) and the rest of the observation period (June to January 2001). This indicates that growth enhancement occurred only during the early stages of the mineral accretion phase. There were also significant differences in girth growth between phases and between treatments as well as a significant phase by treatment interaction again indicating that significant differences between treatments occurred only during a certain phase. In terms of overall survival, the treated nubbins fared better than the untreated nubbins. The corals in all treatments showed the same trend in corallite size and density after 1 year. Corallite sizes increased from the tip towards the base of the transplant. The reverse trend occurred with corallite density which decreased from the tip towards the base. Phenotypic alteration of the corallites (decrease in size and increase in density from the middle region of the nubbin towards the base) had occurred in the treated nubbins while they were exposed to mineral accretion. This effect disappeared, however, after 6 months. It appears, therefore, that enhancement of growth took place only during active mineral accretion, though there were positive, longer-term effects on survival.